1. Cardiovascular system Mr. Zaneto ATC, CSCS Health 11

2. Do Now: Explain the differences between dynamic stretching and static stretching.

3. Cardiovascular endurance The efficiency of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen and remove waste by-products from working muscles

4. Cardiovascular endurance is the most important determining factor towards estimating overall general health/wellness. Increased CV=Increased Energy

5. The Heart The heart is divided into two pumps One pump sends blood from the heart into the lungs and back to the heart= pulmonary circulation One pump sends blood from the heart through the rest of the body and back again to the heart = systemic circulation.

6. Heart Video heart apple.mov

7. How does it work?

8. Circulatory System circulatory apple.mov

9. Law of the heart Within physiological limits, the heart pumps all the blood that flows into it with out excessive damming of blood in the veins. Heart will stretch with increase of blood Heart will contract and there is a decrease of blood.

10. Damaged heart Law of the heart does not apply Heart cannot accommodate all quantities of blood. Blood can dam up in lungs with in systemic circulation (failing heart).

11. Blood 2) Volume of blood increases (Red Blood Cells) More blood = more O2 carrying capability…combined with more pumping or stronger pump = more energy Naturally vs. Unnaturally? (Tour DeFrance)

12. Red Blood Cell Video red blood cell apple.mov red blood cell apple.mov

13. Central Nervous System Changes the rhythm pace of the heart Stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves. – Decreases the activity of the heart. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves. – Increase the activity of the heart. – Activated in stressful situations: Exercise, disease, heat related illness.

14. Central Nervous System Video paraysmpathetic nerves.mov paraysmpathetic nerves.mov

15. Respiratory system Function: – To supply oxygen to the blood – Remove carbond dioxide Lungs- – Contains millions of small air sacs(alveoli). – With each breath alveoli expand by filling with oxygen

16. Respiratory system continued.. On each expiration carbon dioxide is forced out. Pulmonary ventilation is the continual renewal of air in the alveoli. Each alveolus have a network of capillaries separated by a thin membrane right next to them allowing for oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse in the blood.

17. Pulmonary capillaries Allows gasses (O2) to diffuse into the pulmonary blood which returns to the heart to be pumped back to the tissues for systemic circulation. Allow for diffusion of (CO2) to diffuse into the alveoli to be expired by the lungs.

18. Respiratory video respiratory system.mov

19. What Cellular Adaptations Occur as A Result of CV Training? Respiratory System? Circulatory System?

20. Training your heart 1)Heart muscle strengthens and is capable of pumping more blood per beat RHR= Least # of beats per minute to sustain body function while at rest (50-100bpm). Recovery HR=Amount of time it takes heart rate to get back to normal after muscular activity ceases (<100bpm 5-8 minutes after activity)

21. Everest- Highest peak in the world 3) Volume of capillary density increases More sites for O2 exchange in muscle tissue = more exchange taking place particularly coupled with more blood and stronger beat Altitude training?

22. How do we Train for Improvement? THR Zone – Optimal zone of exercise intensity measured in bpm to achieve maximum CV improvement Basically, we want to get the most bang for our running effort…so we run at submaximal pace (often slower than you think you want to) in order to sustain activity for the requisite time frame of 20 minutes Karvonen Formula = approx 150-180bpm

23. Nervous, Muscular, and Skeletal Systems

24. Breakdown of Nervous system Sensory system: Having to do with our senses. Intergrated system: Having to do with our thinking Motor system: Control of bodily activity by transmitting signals to muscles and glands

25. Motor system Signals originate in the motor area of the cerebral cortex. Signals transmitted through motor nerves to the muscles Spinal cord and basal regions of the brain: Deal primarily with automatic responses of the body Cerbral cortex: controls delibreate movements, controlled by thought.

26. Motor units One single motor nerve controls about 150 muscle fibers. Motor nerves and muscle fibers together comprise the motor unit. Stimulation of nerve fiber will cause a release of chemical called acetylcholine which is necessary for muscle contraction.

27. Muscle fiber Once muscle fiber is stimulated it must respond as a whole fiber. Strength of contraction depends upon: – Fatigue – Fuel – Hydration Fine motor movements (High in nerve fibers) Ex: eye muscles Gross motor movements (High in muscle fibers)

28. Nerve Fiber Video nerve fiber.mov

29. Skeletal System Framework of the body Strong Fiber Vast blood supply found in bone Osteoporosis: Leads to a breakdown of bone tissue.

30. Skeletal system video skeletal.mov

31. Identify muscles on handout