1. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Water for Hyper-K -Updates since 1 st meeting- 2nd Open Meeting for Hyper-K Jan 14 2013 1 Hiroyuki Sekiya ICRR, University of Tokyo for the Hyper-K Working Group 2

2. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Water for Hyper-Kamiokande Source water in the mountains ◦Negotiations with Kamioka Mining & Smelting Co.  Tochibora  Mozumi Ultra pure water for supplying ◦Water system design Water in the tank ◦Water flow design Gd loaded water Liq. scintillator loaded water 2

3. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Source Water for Hyper-K 3

4. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Mozumi Option Kamioka mine agrees to resume investigations if we pay money. HK Water source investigation is also indispensable! Source water quality may be the problem.

5. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Tochibora source water problem

6. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa 30m シックナー 鉛リサイクル工場 硫酸工場 亜鉛製錬工場金属粉工場 下部清水 上部清水 鹿間発電 第三ポンド 栃洞鉱山 ３００ｔ 水槽 ５０ｔ水 槽 １５０・１６０・１７０ KW ポンプ 総合調整池 硫酸３０ｔ水槽 孫右衛門 ０ｍポン ド ２８，４２０㎥ /day 3,456 ㎥ /day 13072 t/day 5687 t/day 繰り返しポンプ 工業用水（１２月平均デー ター） 硫酸２００水槽 下部濁水 ９,000 ㎥ //day （推測） -430m -370m 水温 ７．５℃ 水温 １０．３℃（山側） 水温 ８．２℃（川 側） ＊ 排水処理設備は省 略 8346 t/day ＊ 季節変動有 984 ㎥ //day 底設暗渠清水 Total spring in Tochibora mine is less than that in Mozumi and all the water is used for the smelting factory Shortage of mine water

7. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Tochibora water in 2011-2012 7 Confidential

8. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Available water amount 8 At least, 300t/h of water is available for 6 months.

9. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Hyper-K water system Revised design 9

10. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Filling mode 10

11. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa CompressorDryer 0.3  m filter Buffer H 2 O,CO 2 remover 20 o C Charcoal 0.1  m filter 0.01  m filter 0.01  m filter -40 o C Charcoal Buffer 10  m filter Buffer CO2 remover Buffer 1  m filter HK Tank Rn Free Air generator (400Nm 3 /h) Water Purification System 0.3kt/h for initial supply Mine water RO DI(MB) DI(CP) UV MD UF T controller 1.2kt/h for recirculation purge Original plan

12. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Mine water consumption 24hx407t/h/day Pure water 300t/h It takes 70 days for filling one tank. 140 days for 1M ton Original plan 1 st stage is common for both tank 2 nd stage for each tank. Does not work at the same time

13. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Mine water consumption 24hx334t/h/day Pure water 240t/h 1 st stage is common for both tank 2 nd stage for each tank. Does not work at the same time It takes 87 days for filling one tank. 174 days for 1M ton New plan

14. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Recirculation mode 14

15. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa CompressorDryer 0.3  m filter Buffer H 2 O,CO 2 remover 20 o C Charcoal 0.1  m filter 0.01  m filter 0.01  m filter -40 o C Charcoal Buffer 10  m filter Buffer CO2 remover Buffer 1  m filter HK Tank Rn Free Air generator (400Nm 3 /h) Water Purification System 0.24kt/h for initial supply Mine water RO DI(MB) DI(CP) UV MD UF T controller 1.2kt/h for recirculation purge NO RO

16. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Super-K water system filter

17. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Reminder: technologies for pure water 17 Filtrations & Deionization (General technology) Radon Degasifying (Super-K technology) ◦Radon free air generator ◦Radon removal with membrane degasifier MF UFUF NFNF RO DI UV sterilization (General technology)

18. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Mine water Consumption 2h x 28t/h /day 600t/h It takes 35 day to process 1Mton water Previous recirculation mode 1 st stage is used for UF reject water and compensation water RO reject 56t/h No RO in the recirculation system RO requires high pressure pumps high running cost large space

19. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa With or without RO? For prolong the lifetime of UFs ◦At the beginning of the recirculation, UFs may be clogged frequently. Even if we assume usual SK quality water ◦UF lifetime  3 years w/o RO  8 years w/ RO Initial cost vs. running cost ◦Requesting both cost re-estimations.

20. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa New design with RO

21. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Plumbing 21

22. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa From water system to tanks ORGANO

23. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa 23 In the tank MES

24. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Pipes 22 inlets and 22 outlets are independently laid up to the top of the tank and valve are installed at the edge in order that we can control the flow. The diameter of the pipes is 65A. This is scaled from SK design. Additional inlets/oultels at 5 levels of side wall for: ◦future activities to prevent stagnation ◦recirculation during initial filling to prevent bacteria from growing (180days!)

25. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Water Flow simulation by finite volume method One compartment for the first step Software: ANSYS GAMBIT2.4.1+Fluent13.0

26. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Water inlets & outlets conditions Equally distributed per top/bottom cross section Top and bottom pipes only

27. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa ID & OD Conditions ID & OD are dealt as completely separated containers. 27 Inner detectorOuter detector Volume370,000m 3 89,000m 3 Flow rate96.7t/h23.3t/h Number of inlets (outlets)184 Flow rate / inlet (outlet)5.375.82 Because of its symmetrical shape, only 1/4 volume is considered for the simulation. 1,400,000 mesh (xy, and yz symmetry)

28. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Cooling water 10.47 o C -300M (Top level) rock 16.7 o C Here Boring hole Measured 1m inside Almost same as those in Mozumi/SK →assuming supplying 13.0 o C water Temperature condition @Tochibora on May 8 2012

29. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Temperature condition @Tochibora on May 8 2012 Boring No2 Boring No3 Boring No4 -370M(bottom level) rock No2 18.38 o C No3 17.59 o C No4 17.07 o C Boring No3 Average (17.7 o C) is close to the nearest No3 value. assuming 17.7 o C Depends on position and the variation is large.

30. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Other heat source conditions Unlike SK, electronics(HV, QBee,..) are also in the tank. The heat from compensation coil depends on the direction of the tank. 47.4kW Area For one compartment

31. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Without the heat effects Water is just treated as a fluid ignoring its density dependence of temperature. 31 flow vector50m flow line Very fast flow supply: bottom, return: top

32. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Full treatment simulation This is like SK… LowE oriented tuning. ◦Bottom convection and top stagnation. Temperature ID ¼ supply: bottom, return: top

33. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Inverse operation This is atmpd/t2k oriented tuning. ◦Whole convection uniform detector Temperature ID ¼ Supply cold water to the top, return: bottom

34. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Two solutions For lowE ◦low BG (BG) ≡ stagnation For atmpd/T2K ◦small systematic errors ≡ uniformity ≡ convection A 6%-level top-bottom asymmetry of water transparency exists, however the systematic error on the SK energy scale due to this is below 0.1%-level after correction. We have two solutions in our hand for Hyper-K SK operation

35. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Conclusion It turned out Tochibora mine water shortage can be dissolved. ◦Mozumi option will be discussed. Hyper-K water system was re-designed. ◦Working on the cost estimation. Progress on the water flow simulation. ◦Super-K flow is reproduced in Hyper-K tank. ◦Working on detail simulations.  Dependence of inlet pipe shape  Using side wall inlets/outlets 35

36. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa 以下 予備 前回使い回し 36

37. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Super-K water transparency 37 anti-correlated with Supply water temperature @ Cherenkov light wavelength Measured by decay e - e + from cosmic  -  + SK-IV SK-III Started automatic temperature control

38. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa Convection suppression in SK Very precisely temperature-controlled (±0.01 o C) water is supplied to the bottom. 38 3.5MeV-4.5MeV Event distribution Return to Water system Purified Water supply r2r2 Temperature gradation in Z The difference is only 0.2 o C

39. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa ID bottom OD bottom OD top ID,OD top 12t/h 36t/h 60t/h Ver.14May 2012 Current SK situation Stagnation and top-bottom asymmetry. Emanated (from PMT/ FRP) and accumulated Radon Bacteria in low flow rate region

40. Hiroyuki Sekiya 2 nd Open Hyper-K meeting Jan 14 2013@IPMU Kashiwa For bacteria free and uniform (High-E oriented) Hyper-K O 3 or UV sterilizer in the tank is not good for PE surface. PE may get damaged and emit particles. So far, continues high speed flow is the only solution to suppress bacteria in the tank. To make the most of the “1200t/h flow rate”, water flow design in the HK tank is underway.