1. Mental Health Issues in Wellness II

2. Personality What is personality? Unique combination of traits that make up an individual Some common terms used to describe personality: Extrovert—Outgoing personality Introvert—Less outgoing, thoughts are directed inward Optimist—Positive outlook in most/all situations Pessimist—Negative outlook in most/all situations Assertive—Able to stand up for yourself and express feelings Aggressive—Usually attacks a person, not the problem Passive—Holding back feelings from other people

3. Personality cont. 5 Characteristics of Mentally Healthy People: 1. Sense of belonging 2. Sense of purpose 3. Positive outlook 4. Self-sufficiency 5. Healthy Self-esteem

4. Personality cont. 2 ways that your personality is formed: Heredity and Environment Psychologist are still uncertain which traits are inherited or shaped by the environment. Inherited traits may include: shyness, outgoing, aggressiveness, musical, artistic or sports talents. Environmental traits are shaped through modeling by parents, peers, teachers, etc. Also by the culture in which an individual lives.

5. Psychologists The 3 psychologists responsible for defining “personality” Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson Abraham Maslow

6. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Divided the personality into 3 parts: 1. Id (biological urges) 2. Ego (Thoughtful, decision making) 3. Superego (Right from wrong) Freud also believed that the brain operates on 2 different levels-the “conscious” and “unconscious” Thoughts in the “unconscious” may influence our actions

7. Erik Erikson (1902-1994) Best known for his 8 stages of development 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-18 mo.) Being cared for by the parent allows a person to trust others when they are older. 2. Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (18 mo.-3 yrs.) Developing independence and control will help form a confident personality. 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 yrs.) Build self-confidence through creativity and the learning of right vs. wrong. 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 yrs.) Learn to accomplish tasks on their own.

8. Erik Erikson cont. 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-19 yrs.) The search for who you are. May be shaped by family values, or teens may try new things. 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (20-40 yrs.) Develop close bonds with peers, especially a long-term committed relationship (marriage). 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (41-64 yrs.) Focus changes from children to community. 8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair (65-Death Accept one’s total life experience as valuable.

9. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)

10. Self-Esteem

11. What is Self-esteem? Respect for yourself Too low of self-esteem may result in: Depression, suicide, drug/alcohol abuse, eating disorders or other self destructive behaviors Too high of self-esteem may result in: Self-absorption, entitled, brag about themselves and studies have even shown a tendency toward criminal behavior* *(Dr. Roy Baumeister, Florida State University)

12. Emotions/Coping Love, Anger, Fear, Guilt, Happiness & Sadness. (you should know all of these by now!) Coping strategies are used to handle emotions when they get out of hand. Defense Mechanisms are an unconscious way to deal with emotions. Bottom line….find healthy ways to address emotions. Examples?