1.  CREATING A BUILDING PROJECT Create a building model using individual building elements. walls, windows, doors, floors, roofs, and so on. Create a building model using the Massing tools. Sequence of Creating a Building Model Depend on various parameters such as building type, building volume, building shape, and so on. Each building element is a three-dimensional parametric entity.

2. Learning Objectives Understand the concept of walls. Understand the properties of walls. Use the sketching tools to create walls. Create exterior walls based on the given parameters. Create interior walls based on the given parameters.

3. Wall Types. Functions 1. To provide protection from weather, animal 2. To divide the areas 3. Act as sound barriers 4. As fire walls to attenuate the spread of fire from one building unit to another 5. Separate the interior spaces 6. To improve the building appearance 7. To provide privacy

4. Understanding Wall Types Exterior Wall Type Interior Wall Type Retaining Wall Type Foundation Wall Type Curtain Wall Type

5. WALL CLASIFICATION There are 2 types of wall that is: a)Load Bearing Wall Able to carry the load from above ( own weight & load from roof) and transfer it to the foundation. b)Non Load Bearing Wall Only carry their own weight

6. Load bearing walls It can be exterior wall or interior wall It brace from the roof to the floor  Pre Cast Concrete Wall  Retaining Wall  Masonry Wall  Pre Panelized Load Bearing Metal Stud Walls  Engineering Brick Wall  Stone Wall

7. Non load bearing walls  known as interior wall (doesn’t carry other load than its own load)  Types of non load bearing wall a) Hollow Concrete Block b) Façade Bricks c) Hollow Bricks d) Brick Wall

8. Shear walls  A framed wall designed to resist lateral load  It is used to resist wind and earthquake loading on a building.  It is typically a wood frame stud walls covered with a structural sheathing material like plywood.  Such walls can be load bearing and non-load bearing

9. Retaining walls

10. Shear walls

11. Wall Failure Vertical bowing and horizontal bending or collapse of wall is usually caused by the wall not resisting vertical pressures from foundation or upper floors & roofs or horizontal pressures from strong winds and retained earth. Usual cause for failure of wall are as follows: - Overloading the wall, deflection of beam above the wall will effect the wall below. - Foundation failure - Earthquake - Timber pest damage weakened the timber wall - Poor workmanship (improper brickwork)

12. Wall Failure Due to Earthquake

13. Wall Failure. Brick wall crack

14. Creating Walls Ribbon: Home >Build > Wall drop-down > Wall Shortcut Key: WA Figure 1 Invoking the Wall tool from Build panel

15. Figure 2 Selecting the wall type from the Properties Palette

16. Wall Properties Type and instance. Wall Instance Properties Figure 3 The properties of the Exterior - Brick on Mtl. Stud wall type in the Properties Palette Shows various parameters and their corresponding values for the specified instance of the element, Figure 3.

17. Figure 4 Wall on selecting Wall Centerline as the location line Figure 5 Wall on selecting Finish Face: Interior as the location line Type Properties of Wall Common parameters shared by certain elements in a family, Figures 6 thru 11.

18. Figure 6 The Type Properties dialog box for the Exterior- Brick on Mtl. stud wall type

19. Figure 7 The Edit Assembly dialog box with the Preview button chosen

20. Figure 8 The wall created with the Do not wrap option selected from the At Inserts drop-down list in the Default Wrapping area Figure 9 The wall created with the Exterior option selected from the At Inserts drop-down list in the Default Wrapping area

21. Figure 10 The wall created with the None option selected from the At Ends drop-down list in the Default Wrapping area Figure 10 The wall created with the Exterior option selected from the At Ends drop-down list in the Default Wrapping area

22. Sketching Walls Provides tools to sketch the walls of different shapes. Invoked from the Draw panel in the Modify | Place Wall tab, Figure 12. Figure 12 Wall sketching options available in the Draw panel and the Options Bar of the ribbon

23. Sketching Straight Wall Profiles Figure 14 Sketching a horizontal wallFigure 13 Sketching a wall using the Line option

24. Figure 16 Specifying the exact length of the wall Figure 15 Highlighted wall displaying its controls

25. Sketching Rectangular Wall Profiles Figure 17 Creating and modifying a rectangular wall profile Sketching Polygonal Wall Profiles

26. Sketching Circular Wall Profiles Figure 18 Sketching the circular wall profile

27. Sketching Start-End-Radius Arc Figure 19 Sketching and modifying a curved wall profile

28. Sketching Center-ends Arc Figure 20 Sketching a curved wall profile using the Center-ends Arc sketching tool Sketching Tangent End Arcs

29. Sketching Fillet Arcs Figure 21 Sketching a fillet arc wall profile Using the Chain Option Using the Offset Option Using the Radius Option

30.  SKETCHING INTERIOR WALLS Interior walls form a separate family of wall types. Differ from the exterior wall types. Several predefined interior wall types are provided in the Autodesk Revit Architecture libraries, Figures 22 thru 24.

31. Figure 22 Selecting the interior wall type from the Type Selector drop-down list Figure 23 The Properties Palette for the Interior - 5” Partition (2-hr) wall type

32. Figure 24 The Edit Assembly dialog box for the Interior-5” Partition (2-hr) wall type

33.  TUTORIAL 1 Create the exterior walls of a two-room apartment based on the sketch plan shown in Figure 25. Figure 25 Sketch plan for creating exterior walls for the Apartment 1 project

34. The parameters to be used for creating the exterior walls are given next. 1.Project file-c02_Apartment_tut1.rvt created in Tutorial 1 of Chapter 2. 2.Exterior wall type- Basic Wall: Exterior - Brick on Mtl. Stud 3.Location line parameter- Wall Centerline; Top Constraint- Up to Level 2 The following steps are required to complete this tutorial: 1.Open the Apartment 1 project file created in Tutorial 1 of Chapter 2. 2.Invoke the Wall tool from the ribbon. 3.Select the exterior wall type Exterior - Brick on Mtl. Stud from the Change Element Type drop-down list.

35. 4.Modify Top Constraint- Up to level: Level 2 and Location Line - Wall Centerline as wall properties using the Properties Palette, refer to Figure 26. Figure 26 Setting the Top Constraint parameter using the Properties Palette

36. 5.Invoke the Line sketching tool and then sketch the exterior walls based on the given parameters, refer to Figures 27 thru 35. Figure 27 The angle and temporary dimensions are displayed on the wall being sketched

37. Figure 28 Sketching a horizontal wall segment Figure 29 The sketched horizontal wall with its controls

38. Figure 30 Modifying the length of a wall segment using temporary dimensions Figure 31 Starting a second exterior wall segment using the Endpoint object snap option

39. Figure 32 Creating the second exterior wall segment

40. Figure 33 Creating the third wall segment

41. Figure 34 Sketching the fourth exterior wall segment

42. Figure 35 Using the drag control to modify the length of wall

43. Creation of the external wall segments for the Apartment 1 project, refer to Figure 36. Figure 36 The completed exterior wall profile

44.  Tutorial 2 Create the exterior walls of the club building whose sketch plan is shown in Figure 3-37. Figure 37 Sketch plan for the Club project

45. The parameters to be used for different elements are given next. 1.Project- c02_Club_tut2.rvt project created in Tutorial 2 of Chapter 2. 2.Exterior wall type- Exterior - Split Face and CMU on Mtl. Stud. 3.Unconnected height of walls- 15’0”. 4.All inclined walls are at 45-degree to the horizontal axis. The following steps are required to complete this tutorial: 1.Open the c02_Club_tut2.rvt project file created in Tutorial 2 of Chapter 2. 2.Invoke the Wall tool. 3.Select the exterior wall type: Exterior- Split Face and CMU on Mtl. Stud. 4.Set the unconnected height to 15’0”.

46. 5.Change the Location Line parameter to Finish Face: Exterior, refer to Figure 38. Figure 38 Setting the location line parameter in the Properties Palette

47. 6.Select the Line sketching option and sketch the inclined wall profile using the Chain option, refer to Figures 39 through 45. Figure 39 Sketching the first inclined wall segment Figure 40 Sketching the second inclined wall segment

48. Figure 41 Sketching the third inclined wall segment

49. Figure 42 Sketching the fourth inclined wall segment

50. Figure 43 Sketching the fifth inclined wall segment

51. Figure 44 Sketching the sixth inclined wall segment

52. Figure 45 The sketched inclined wall exterior profile

53. 7.Use the Center-ends Arc sketching option to create the curved wall, refer to Figures 46 and 47. Figure 46 Starting the curved wall segment

54. Figure 47 Completing the curved wall segment

55. The complete exterior wall profile, as shown in Figure 48. Figure 48 Completed layout of the exterior walls for the Club project

56. The building model view will appear, as shown in Figure 49. Figure 49 3D view of the completed exterior wall profile

57.  Tutorial 3 In this tutorial, you will add interior walls to the apartment plan created in Tutorial 1 of this chapter. The interior walls to be created are the intermediate walls among various rooms, as shown in the plan sketch in Figure 50. Figure 50 Layout of internal walls for Apartment 1 project

58. The parameters to be used for different elements are given next. 1.Project- c03_Apartment1_tut1.rvt project created in Tutorial 1 in this chapter. 2.Interior wall type- Interior - 5” Partition (2-hr). 3.Location line parameter- Wall Centerline The following steps are required to complete this tutorial: 1.Open the Apartment 1 project file created earlier in this chapter. 2.Invoke the Wall tool and select the Interior - 5” Partition (2-hr), refer to Figure 51. 3.Set the location line parameter as Location Line- Wall Centerline. 4.Select the Line sketching tool to sketch the straight walls.

59. Figure 51 Selecting the Basic Wall : Interior-5”Partition (2-hr) wall type

60. 5.Sketch the interior walls based on the given parameters, refer to Figures 52 through Figure 58. Figure 52 Specifying the distance for starting the first interior wall segment

61. Figure 53 Specifying the endpoint of the first interior wall segment

62. Figure 54 Specifying the starting point of the second interior wall

63. Figure 55 Sketching the second interior wall

64. Figure 56 Specifying the distance for sketching the third internal wall

65. Figure 57 Sketching the third interior wall segment

66. Figure 58 Sketching the interior walls of the bath

67. 6.Edit the interior walls location to achieve clear internal distances, refer to Figures 59 and Figure 60. Figure 59 The dot movedFigure 60 The adjusted inner wall distance

68. Interior wall layout for the Apartment 1 project, as shown in Figure 61. Figure 61 Entering the value to adjust the dimension of the horizontal interior wall

69. 3D view of the wall is displayed with shading with edges visible, as shown in Figure 62. Figure 62 3D view of the Apartment 1 building model

70.  Tutorial 4 Create the interior walls of the left portion of the club building whose exterior wall profile was created in Tutorial 2 earlier in this chapter. Create the walls, based on the sketch plan shown in Figure 63. Figure 63 Sketch plan for creating the interior wall of the left portion of the Club project

71. The parameters to be used for different elements are given below. 1.Project- c03_Club_tut2.rvt project created in Tutorial 2 of this Chapter. 2.Interior wall type-Interior - 6 1/8” Partition (2-hr). 3.Unconnected height of walls- 12’0”. 4.Location Line- Wall Centerline. 5.Inclined walls are parallel to the external walls and perpendicular to each other. The following steps are required to complete this tutorial: 1.Open the c03_Club_tut2.rvt project file created in Tutorial 2 of this Chapter. 2.Invoke the Wall tool and select the Interior - 6 1/8” Partition (2-hr) wall type, refer to Figure 64. 3.Set the unconnected height to 12’0” 4.Verify that the location line parameter is set to Wall Centerline.

72. Figure 64 Selecting the interior wall type from the Change Element Type drop-down list

73. 5.Select the Line sketching option to create the straight walls. 6.Sketch the interior walls based on the given parameters, refer to Figures 65 through 71. Figure 65 Specifying the start point of the first interior wall

74. Figure 66 Sketching the first interior wall of the Club project

75. Figure 67 Sketching the second interior wall

76. Figure 68 Sketching the third interior wall

77. Figure 69 Specifying the distance of the fourth interior wall

78. Figure 70 Starting the fifth interior wall from the midpoint of the first interior wall

79. Figure 71 Completing the interior walls