1. Fibres, surgical dressings & sutures
Natural Fibres
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2. Objectives On completion of this lesson. You would be able to know
What are FIBRES ?
DRESS …….ING?
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3. Known to unknown What is a suture ? Give an example ?
What is a ligature ?
Have you seen any body get injured & sutured ?
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4. Surgical Fibres Natural fibres in preparation of dressings & sutures
Source, preparation & identification of fibres
Types of surgical dressings
Surgical sutures & Ligatures
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5. FIBRES Sources: Elongated thick walled cells with pointed ends
Plant - Cellulose + Lignin
Eg. Cotton, Jute, Hemp, Flax
Animal – Proteinous
Eg. Silk, wool
Mineral – Eg. Glass, Asbestos
Manmade – Alginate yarn, Regenerated
Cellulose, Fibrolin
Synthetics – Terylene, Orlon, Dacron
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6. PLANT FIBRES Preparation: COTTON: - Dried epidermal trichomes of seeds
Cotton wool, purified cotton, Absorbent cotton, surgical cotton
- Dried epidermal trichomes of seeds
Gossypium herbaceum
G.barbadense
– Malvaceae
Preparation:
Fruits (Capsule 3-5 celled)
Seeds with trichomes (Bolls)
Fig.81.1
Fig.81.2
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7. Ginning press Seeds Trichomes Cotton seed oil Short hairs Long hairs
Fig.81.3
Seeds
Trichomes
Cotton seed oil
Short hairs
(Linters)
Long hairs
Raw cotton
Cloth
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8. Raw cotton (wax, fat, coloring matter)
Saponified (10-15 hrs)
Cotton opener
Washing
Dried, carded into sheets
Packed & Sterilised
(Absorbent Cotton)
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9. Cotton Morphology White Odourless & tasteless
2.5 – 4.5cm (l) µ (dia)
Unicellular covering trichomes
Flat & ribbon like, tubular
Standards
Length of staple - not< 1.5cm
Water soluble extractive – not> 0.5%
Ash value – not> 0.5%
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10. Cotton Cotton should comply tests in the monograph Fluorescence
Naps
Fluorescence
Acidity
Absorbency and
Oxidising substances
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11. Cotton Constituents: Raw 90% cellulose 7-8% moisture Wax Fat
Coloring matter
Absorbent
Entirely cellulose
6-7% moisture
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12. TESTS dry 1. Fibres + I2 Soln. + 80% H2SO4 Purplish blue / green
2. Fibres + Cuoxam
Soluble with uniform swelling (Ab.Cotton)
Soluble with formation of balloons (Raw cotton)
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13. Cotton – Tests 3. Cotton + dil NaOH Insoluble
Cotton + dil HCl Insoluble
Cotton + 66% H2SO Soluble
4. Cotton + Iodinated ZnCl Violet color
5. Cotton + ZnCl2 Soln Insoluble
heat
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14. Cotton Uses Storage Filtering medium Preparation of surgical dressings
Insulating material
Storage
Cool & dry place (prevent friable & brittle)
Packed in wrappers (protect from dust & microorganisms)
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15. Jute/Gunny Phloem fibres (Stem bark) Corchorus capsularis/C.olitorius
Tiliaceace
Preparation:
Flowering plants bundled
Soaked in stagnant water days fibres separated
Stripped, cleaned, washed several times
Bleached & dried in sun
Graded according to color, length etc.,
Made into Bales ( kg)
Morphology
Yellowish brown
0.8-5mm (l)
10-25 µ dia
Fig.81.4
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16. Jute/Gunny Chemical constituents: Uses: Hemicellulose 20% Lignin 10%
Moisture 13%
Uses:
Manufacture of tows (stupa)
Padding splints
Filtering & straining media
Coarse jute bags
Fig.81.5
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17. Hemp/Cannabis Source: Pericyclic fibres Preparation: Similar to Jute
Cannabis sativa
Cannabinaceae
Preparation: Similar to Jute
Morphology:Fibres 25-40mm (l)
blunt rounded ends
chiefly cellulose
Fig.81.6 Plant
Fig.81.7 Stem
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18. Hemp/Cannabis Uses: Preparation of twine & ropes Pharmaceutically less important
Fig.81.8
Fig.81.9 Hemp being harvested
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19. Flax Pericyclic fibres stems of Linum usitatissimum Linaceae
Prepared similar to jute
Lustrous, tensile, 25-50mm (l)
Fine pointed ends
Pecto-cellulose
Used in manufacture of Lint but replaced by cotton
Preparation of rugs, lace lawn & filtering medium
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20. ANIMAL FIBRES SILK: Cocoons of Bombyx mori
Bombycidae (order lepidoptera)
Larvae (silk worm) produce silk fibroin (mouth) mixed with sericin (gummy secretion) and form cocoons
Heated 60-80°C by steam
Put in hot water to separate fibres
5-25 µ in (d), fine, solid, smooth yellow colour
Fibroin hydrolysis gives Glycine & Alanine
Soluble in cuoxam, 66% H2SO4 & HCl.
Preparation of sutures, ligatures & seives
Fig.81.10
Fig.81.11
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21. Wool Fleece of sheep Ovis aries Bovidae
Processed to remove dirt & wool fat, bleached, washed & dried
Smooth, elastic, lustrous, curly, hygroscopic, slippery
Sulphur containing protein (keratin) & cystine
Filtering & staining medium, manufacture of dressing, crepe bandage
Insoluble in 66% H2SO4 , HCl & Cuoxam
Black precipitate with Lead Acetate
Soluble in 1.25M NaOH
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22. MINERAL FIBRES Glass: Asbestos:
Sand (silica) with oxides of Al, Ca, B & Mg
Melt at high temperature forms bead
Filter fabrics and splinting material
Asbestos:
Hydrated Magnesium silicates
White, yellow or green
Highly refractive, do not fuse
Filtering medium, bacterial filters & Insulating material
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23. ARTIFICIAL FIBRES Fibres regenerated from carbohydrate materials:
Alginate yarn
Artificial silk or Rayon or Regenerated cellulose
Fibres Regenerated from Protein materials:
Aridil from groundnut protein
Fibrolin from milk casein
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24. Synthetic Fibres Nylon:
Polymer of Adipic Acid and Hexamethylene diamine
Lustrous, dull, white or coloured
Bead formed when heated
Soluble in 5M HCl
Insoluble in 90% Formic Acid, 90% Phenol
Filter cloths, seives and non absorbable sutures
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25. Synthetic Fibres Terylene Orlon
Polymer of Ethylene glycol and tetraphthalic acid
Orlon
Polymer of Acrylonitrile
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26. In this class we learnt about
Summary
In this class we learnt about
Various types of fibres with their sources,
preparation nature & uses
Plant, Animal, Mineral, Manmade & Synthetic fibres used in surgical dressings
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27. Quiz - 1 1.Cotton fibres contain Proteins Cellulose Alkaloids Tannins
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28. Quiz 2.Silk fibres obtained from Plants Animals Minerals
Synthetic source
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29. Questions What are surgical fibres? Classify them with examples.
Write the Botanical source, morphology method of preparation and uses of cotton.
How cotton fibres are identified ?
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