1. What is Foreign Policy Analysis? At the intersection of Politics and International Relations FPA – 3 Phases of development (Carlsnaes 2002) –Initial development - mid-1950’s – mid-1960’s –Comparative Foreign Policy – late 1960’s & early 70’s –Diffusion and decline – mid 1970’s - ? Needs to contend with, and is constitutive of, the division between domestic and International politics

2. What is Foreign Policy about? Dynamics of Choice: how decisions are made, by whom, and for what reason? Foreign Policy Strategy: –What the national interest is and how best to achieve it Foreign Policy Politics: –Which institutions, actors and ideas have influence and how much.

3. What is US Foreign Policy about? The National Interest Defining the national interest: the 4p’s – –Power –Peace –Prosperity –Principles National Interest in a given situation is defined by the interaction of these pillars: –Complementarity, Trade-offs, Dissensus

4. Framing US Foreign Policy The 19 th Century Consolidation and Expansion American Exceptionalism & colonialism “while in an international sense Porto Rico [sic] was not a foreign country…it was foreign to the United States in a domestic sense” Justice White, Insular Cases 1901 “When our great Chief Justice John Marshall…declared in the Cherokee case [of 1831] that the United States could have under its control a ‘domestic and dependent nation’…he solved the constitutional question of our relationship to the Philippines” Henry Cabot Lodge Monroe Doctrine (1823)

5. Framing US Foreign Policy The Early 20 th Century Internationalism: –1900-1920 – troops dispatched to Haiti, Santo Domingo, Nicaragua, Panama, Cuba, Mexico and Russia to intervene in Civil Wars –Involvement in WWI Isolationism –Reluctance to enter WWI –Refusal of the Senate to ratify entry in the League of Nations Pre-1930’s: –Foreign Wars were relatively infrequent and of small scale –US had small standing army –Arsenals maintained, producers would bring in contractors for ‘spikes’ in business during conflict –Defence spending was on a limited and ‘ad hoc’ basis

6. Framing US Foreign Policy Industrial-Mobilisation Plans (1930, 33, 36 & 39) in response to growing threats of Japan and Germany Attempts to remain out of WWII until the Pearl Harbour Attacks, 1941 The military emerged strengthened after WWII The Pentagon was in a strategically advantageous position to influence policy “and it was fortunate, above all, in having many potential allies in civilian places…for reasons of ‘pork or patriotism’” (Lens 1971 P39)

7. USFP since the Cold War Why focus on the Cold War? Unlike previous conflicts, post WWII military and defence spending did not decrease dramatically Why? –Cold War –New technologies – Nuclear missiles, Aircraft –Congress was limited in it’s ability to rein in Defence Spending (ideology/patriotism) The emergence of the US as a militarized World power

8. Point for Discussion: “This nation is peaceful, but fierce when stirred to anger.” – President GW Bush, 14 th September 2001 Is this a reasonable reflection on the role of the US in the world?