1. High School: Community Sports

2. How Would You Justify High School Sports? A Funtionalist Perspective

3. Value of High School Sports Physical fitness Academic success: higher GPAs as compared to non-athletes Builds character Higher educational and occupational levels Discipline

4. High School Sports: Current Issues Home Schools Specialization: At What Cost? Future Goals SES Budget Issues: How funded? Cost? Officials: Burn out Level competition: Corporate Sport

5. High School Sports Participation: 2006 7,159,904 (2005-06) Most Popular Sports (Schools-Boys) Basketball-17,535 Track and Field- 15,497 Baseball- 15,290 Football-13,727 Most Popular Sports (Schools- Girls) Basketball-17,275 Track and field- 15,417 Softball- 14,710 Volleyball- 14,578

6. Value of High School Sport: Two Models Pros 1) Opportunity for students to compete 2) Supports mission of school 3) Supports youth development Cons 1) Validation of grades 2) Academically challenged students may turn to home schooling 3) Schools bring in “Ringers”

7. 1994-95: North Car. School Athletic Association: Academic Performance AthletesNon-Athletes GPA2.861.96 Ave. number of days missed 6.52 days12.57 days Discipline referrals 30.51%40.29% Dropout rate.7%8.98% Grad Rate99.56%94.66%

8. Texas High School Football(2004) 160,000 football players- grades 9-12 For tickets, programs, travel, meals, merchandise: fans spend at least $275 million a season In Dallas- Fort Worth area: 21 stadiums that seat 10,000 or more Est. 16,000-18,000 football coaches in Texas – grades 7-12 ( College Athletics Clips, Sept.8, 2004)

9. Sports and Studies as Paths to Success ( Coleman, 1961) High School: Competition for Recognition and Respect Competition: Scholastic and Athletic Honor Respect: eyes of parents and peers Status: Family position, athletic achievement, good grades, new car Athletic and Scholastic Achievement: Boys and Girls “Leading Crowd: Parents Position

10. Coleman(1961) Adolescent Society New Car “Right” Family “Star” Athlete Extracurricular Activities Good Grades Rank Variables(5 high to 1 low)

11. Coleman et al.(1966) concluded Schools bring little influence to bear on the child’s achievement that is independent of his/her background and general social context SES: Family income,parent’s educational level, parent’s occupation

12. Socioeconomic Status(SES):Predicts Grades Achievement Scores IQ test scores Retention at grade levels Truancy Suspensions from school High school dropouts Plans for college attendance

13. NELS Data Data:1988 Self concept( 13 var.): ( i.e.. I feel good about myself) Locus of control: Good luck is more important than hard work. SES data: father’s education level, mother’s occupation, family income School climate: conflict between teachers, student uniform required, degree students cut class, vandalism, illegal drug use, student weapons

14. National Center for Education Statistics: Dec. 1996 1988: 3 million students enrolled in 8 th grade By 1994: 5.2 % reported playing college level sports for 4 years. Note: 2.2 % for NCAA1 athletes High SES students were 10 times more likely to play NCAA1 level.

15. Condition of Education:1995(NELS) About 83 % of high school seniors participated in at least one extracurricular activity Participation in activities was relatively similar across racial/ethnic groups

16. Home Schools Legal in all states( 1.5 m. home) Early Case: 1988 (Penn.) Parents Removed gifted athlete from public school on religious grounds. Coach wanted child to play on team. Final Result: State Board of Ed - Local School Districts decision 2010: 2 million students taught in home

17. Home Schools NCAA Eligibility:Required to meet the same eligibility standards as other students

18. Published: August 29, 2010 3:00 a.m. All that prepping, then no prep team Public high school teams, for now, can’t have home-schoolers Niki Kelly | The Journal Gazette

19. Indiana Home School- 2010 Indiana : Home school students not allowed to play on high school sports Issues, debate legislators: 18 states allow home schools to play in public sports Recruiting, funding for public education- head count, required number of classes for eligibility

20. Sports Specialization Increase chance for college athletic scholarship May increase athletic burnout Reduces the total number of athletes available to other sports

21. High School Officials 2001: National Survey (N=463) Why Leave? 167 listed career/job demands 105 listed poor sportsmanship (participants) 96 listed poor sportsmanship (Spectators) 84 listed time away from family

22. High School Sports Communications

25. A Tall Order Greg Oden( jr.), Lawrence North High School

26. High School Athletics: Do Jocks Rule the School? (Farrey,1999) Impact of Columbine? ESPN Poll (1999): 800 high school students- phone interviews 72% reported little or more tension between athletes and non-athletes at their school 57% said: athletes bully non-athletes 71% said: football players cause most of the problems

27. Where From Here? New Models For Success?