2.  With the outer membrane removed it is much easier to see the contents of the lysosome. Those lumpy brown structures are digestive enzymes.

3. Lysosomes are called suicide sacks. They are produced by the Golgi body. They consist of a single membrane surrounding powerful digestive enzymes.

4.  They dissolve bacteria and other foreign bodies. Under some conditions the lysosomes in a cell will break open and a cell will self destruct in a process called autolysis (giving rise to the name "suicide sacks").

6. 6 small dot-like structures in cells they are often associated with forming rough ER Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in cells they are made in the nucleus of the cell A ribosome can make the average protein in about one minute Ribosomes

7. 7 Ribosomes are made up of proteins and ribonucleic acid(RNA) These molecules are arranged into two subunits These subunits are attached to each other and together form the entire ribosome When viewed through a light microscope the ribosomes appear as dots Ribosome Structure

8. 8 Types of Ribosomes There are two kinds of ribosomes 1) Attached to the rough ER 2) floating in the cell cytoplasm Attached ribosomes make proteins that are used in the ER or transported within the ER Free ribosomes make proteins that are used in the cytoplasm

10. Vacuoles are large empty appearing areas found in the cytoplasm. They are usually found in plant cells where they store waste. As a plant cell ages they get larger. In mature cells they occupy most of the cytoplasm.

11.  Vacuoles are “bubbles” that float in the cell  Vacuoles are more important to the survival of plant cells than they are to animal cells 11

12.  Vacuoles in plants support structure  Vacuoles hold onto things that the cell might need…like a backpack  There are some vacuoles that hold onto waste products, similar to having a big septic tank  Storing waste products protects the cell from contamination 12

13. So, when there is no water…the vacuole shrinks and the cell wall is the only thing holding the plant together. 13

14. 14

15. 15 generally appear in animal cells they look like two cylinders at right angles to one another when viewed with an electron microscope, the cylinders show up as nine bundles of tiny microtubules arranged in a circle they help to form the fibers that move chromosomes around when the cell is dividing as animal cells prepare for cell division these two centrioles separate and go to opposite ends of the cell. Centrioles:

16.  Centrioles are found only in animal cells. They function in cell division.  groups of 3 arrangement of the protein fibers.

17. These are hair like extensions off of the cell membrane. Cilia tend to be small and numerous and flagella tend to be large &few. They beat back and forth rhythmically. In unicellular organisms their job is locomotion. In large multicellular organisms their role is to move fluid past the cell. 9+2 arrangement of the microtubles.

18. 18 Chloroplast

19. 19 the site of photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells disk-like structures composed of a single membrane surrounding a fluid containing stacks of membranous disks Chloroplast

20. 20 SOLAR energy radiated from the sun is captured by plants(chloroplast) Then it is instantaneously changed into ELECTRICAL energy Then packaged as CHEMICAL energy Chloroplast

21. 21 Chloroplast

22. 22 No energy transformation is 100% efficient Not all the solar energy captured is converted to electrical and then chemical energy. Some of it gets lost as heat or other forms of energy (light) Chloroplast