1. The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1877 Unit VI Part 1

2. Historical Interpretations The Earliest: Emphasized the question of morality The Earliest: Emphasized the question of morality Revisionists ( like Randall) Argued that the Civil War was caused by inept leadership Revisionists ( like Randall) Argued that the Civil War was caused by inept leadership

3. Lincoln’s Inaugural Address No state could leave the union No state could leave the union Acts of violence in support of succession were insurrectionary Acts of violence in support of succession were insurrectionary The Federal Government would hold federal property in succeeded states The Federal Government would hold federal property in succeeded states

4. The First Modern War Used Railroads, telegraphs, iron clad ships, observation balloons, Trench Warfare, Submarines (sort of) and less distinction between soldiers and civilians Used Railroads, telegraphs, iron clad ships, observation balloons, Trench Warfare, Submarines (sort of) and less distinction between soldiers and civilians Officers from both sides knew each other well. They had all fought together in the Mexican-American War Officers from both sides knew each other well. They had all fought together in the Mexican-American War Many soldiers fraternized, traded tobacco for food. Night watches were friendly Many soldiers fraternized, traded tobacco for food. Night watches were friendly

5. The Stats The Union: 23 states including 4 border states The Union: 23 states including 4 border states Delaware: just decided to remain in the Union Delaware: just decided to remain in the Union Kentucky: tried to remain neutral. When invaded by confederate forces, they joined the Union (12-61) Kentucky: tried to remain neutral. When invaded by confederate forces, they joined the Union (12-61) Maryland: was forced to remain due to the close proximity of Washington D.C. Maryland: was forced to remain due to the close proximity of Washington D.C. Missouri: was surrounded on 3 sides by Union land Missouri: was surrounded on 3 sides by Union land

6. The Union The Northwest counties of Virginia refused to follow the rest of the state when Virginia left The Northwest counties of Virginia refused to follow the rest of the state when Virginia left Became West Virginia in June of 1863 Became West Virginia in June of 1863 Nevada entered the Union (early) in 1864: Lincoln needed that state’s electoral votes in the election of 1864 Nevada entered the Union (early) in 1864: Lincoln needed that state’s electoral votes in the election of 1864 Union Territories: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Nebraska, Washington, Indian Territory Union Territories: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Nebraska, Washington, Indian Territory

7. The South Had 11 states Had 11 states After Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers for a three-month period (after Fort Sumter) Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina joined the Confederacy After Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers for a three-month period (after Fort Sumter) Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina joined the Confederacy

8. The Border States All had divided loyalties, friends, families Mary Todd Lincoln had 4 brothers fighting for the Confederacy Henry Clay had grandsons on both sides Crittenden had sons on both sides

9. Population The North: 22 million 4 million men of fighting age 2 million joined the union army or navy The North: 22 million 4 million men of fighting age 2 million joined the union army or navy The South: 9 million (5.5 million were white) 1,140,000 men of combat age 850,000 fought The South: 9 million (5.5 million were white) 1,140,000 men of combat age 850,000 fought

10. Railroads North: 20,000 miles of track (70% of U.S. total) 96% of all country’s equipment and the vast majority of coal mines and canals North: 20,000 miles of track (70% of U.S. total) 96% of all country’s equipment and the vast majority of coal mines and canals South: 9,000 miles of track South: 9,000 miles of track

11. Industry North: 100,000 factories including nearly all of the country’s weapons factories and ship makers North: 100,000 factories including nearly all of the country’s weapons factories and ship makers South: 20,000 factories South: 20,000 factories

12. The Economy North: $189,000,000 in bank deposits representing 81% of the nation’s total as well as $56 million in gold North: $189,000,000 in bank deposits representing 81% of the nation’s total as well as $56 million in gold South: $47,000,000 in bank deposits $37 million in gold South: $47,000,000 in bank deposits $37 million in gold

13. Agriculture The union states outproduced the Confederacy in every agricultural category except cotton The union states outproduced the Confederacy in every agricultural category except cotton

14. Lincoln Was a highly competent commander Was a highly competent commander His administration was from all sections: His administration was from all sections: VP:Hannibal Hamlin VP:Hannibal Hamlin Sec. of State: Wm. Seward (NY) Sec. of State: Wm. Seward (NY) Sec. of Treasury: Chase (Ohio) Sec. of Treasury: Chase (Ohio) Sec. of War: Cameron (replaced by Stanton) Sec. of War: Cameron (replaced by Stanton) Sec of Navy: Gideon Wells Sec of Navy: Gideon Wells

15. The King of Siam Offered to send Lincoln a herd of fighting elephants (it’s in The King and I) Offered to send Lincoln a herd of fighting elephants (it’s in The King and I) Lincoln politely refused Lincoln politely refused

16. Northern Objectives: Destroy Confederate Armies Destroy Confederate Armies Restore federal authority in succeeded states Restore federal authority in succeeded states Prevent European intervention (Cotton Diplomacy) Prevent European intervention (Cotton Diplomacy)

17. January 4, 1861 The Confederate States of America February 9 th the Confederate Provisional Congress elected: February 9 th the Confederate Provisional Congress elected: President: Jefferson Davis President: Jefferson Davis VP: Alexander Stephens VP: Alexander Stephens Eventually Judah Benjamin was Sec of State, Sec of War and Att’y General Eventually Judah Benjamin was Sec of State, Sec of War and Att’y General First Capital was Montgomery and then Richmond First Capital was Montgomery and then Richmond

18. Both Lincoln and Davis Believed the war would be quick Believed the war would be quick Had problems with their generals and parties Had problems with their generals and parties Davis had it tougher with States Rights Issues which hampered centralized control: could not tax, draft, pay, feed, supply troops! Davis had it tougher with States Rights Issues which hampered centralized control: could not tax, draft, pay, feed, supply troops!

19. At the Start of the War Blacks were rejected in the North until after the Emancipation Proclamation 1-1-63 Blacks were rejected in the North until after the Emancipation Proclamation 1-1-63 Belief that the South would never surrender to Black soldiers Belief that the South would never surrender to Black soldiers In the South Blacks were used as cooks, workers, but not soldiers…later a plan to allow slaves to fight in exchange for their freedom. The war was over before it was put into place In the South Blacks were used as cooks, workers, but not soldiers…later a plan to allow slaves to fight in exchange for their freedom. The war was over before it was put into place