1. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS PAST SIMPLE & PRESETN PERFECT CONTINUOUS

2.  I/YOU/WE/THEY + Subject + HAVE + Past Participle ? HAVE + Subject + Past Participle - Subject + HAVEN’T + Past Participle  HE/SHE/IT + Subject + HAS + Past Participle ? HAS + Subject + Past Participle - Subject + HASN’T + Past Participle PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

3.  JUST for very recent events We’ve just made a new Sim  YET for something we expect to happen Haven’t you guessed yet?  ALREADY for something that has happened before now I’ve already bought the latest Sims game.  SINCE refers to a point in time This game has sold several million copies since 2000  FOR refers to a period of time I’ve had a console for about a year.  EVER and NEVER for ‘any time up to now’ Have you ever enjoyed putting out the rubbish? No, I’ve never enjoyed doing that! PRESENT PERFECT WITH ADVERBS

4. Past SimplePresent Perfect Simple YESTERDAY LAST YEAR TWO DAYS AGO IN 1998 ON MONDAY WHEN I MET HER LAST CHRISTMAS FOR THREE WEEKS EVER ALREADY SINCE LAST YEAR YET NEVER JUST PRESENT PERFECT VS PAST SIMPLE Last year – two days ago – ever – already – in 1998 – since last year – on Monday - When I met her – yet – never – just – last Christmas

5. Past SimplePresent Perfect Simple For an action that finished at a definite point in the past. The Sims came out in 2000. For a past action, if we are not interested in when it happened. Games have changed a lot over the past few years. PRESENT PERFECT VS PAST SIMPLE

6.  I/YOU/WE/THEY + Subject + HAVE + BEEN + -ing ? HAVE + Subject + BEEN + -ing - Subject + HAVEN’T + BEEN + -ing  HE/SHE/IT + Subject + HAS + BEEN + -ing ? HAS + Subject + BEEN + -ing - Subject + HASN’T + BEEN + -ing PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

7. Use Present Perfect cont. To talk about: Present Perfect Simple to talk about: An action that started in the past and continues now. (She has been learning English since she was four years old.) An action that started in the past and finished recently but the results are evident in the present. (She has been working too hard.) Expressions: since, for, How long?, all day, all night, all morning. An experience up to the moment of speaking. (I’ve known my best friend for ten years.) A past action or experience that is still true at the moment of speaking. (We’ve been friends for ten years). A past action or experience with results in the present. (She’s bought a new MP3 player)