2. We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened at some time in the past and have a connection to the present. He has lived in Sha Tin for twenty years. She has taken art lessons for two months. I have drunk five glasses of water since lunch.

3. The present perfect form of a verb is made up of two parts. Positive statements are formed like this. Subjecthave/hasPast participle I You We They havefinished. He/She/It has eaten.

4. Negative statements are formed like this. not  I have finished.

5. Negative statements are formed like this. I have not/haven’t finished. You have finished. not 

6. Negative statements are formed like this. I have not/haven’t finished. You have not/haven’t finished. She has finished. not 

7. Negative statements are formed like this. I have not/haven’t finished. You have not/haven’t finished. She has not/hasn’t finished.

8. Questions are formed like this. I have finished. You have finished. She has finished. Have I finished? Have you finished? Has she finished?

9. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which word is followed by a certain time in the past? since We have been to the airport five times since July. I haven’t seen Helen since last summer.

10. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which word is followed by a length of time? for I have been a member of the Drama Club for three years. She hasn’t written to me for a year.

11. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which word is often used with negative statements and questions when the action has happened already or we expect it to happen soon? yet Have you done your Maths homework yet? Has your brother taken his driving test yet? My parents haven’t signed my report card yet. I haven’t had lunch yet. Yet usually goes at the end of the question or negative statement.

12. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which other word is often used with the present perfect tense in questions? ever Have you travelled on a motorbike? ever 

13. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which other word is often used with the present perfect tense in questions? ever Have you ever travelled on a motorbike? Has he invited you out for lunch? ever 

14. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which other word is often used with the present perfect tense in questions? ever Have you ever travelled on a motorbike? Has he ever invited you out for lunch? We put ever between the subject and the main verb.

15. If the answer is negative, we can use have/has never + past participle. It means ‘not at any time’. Have you ever been to Tokyo Disneyland? Yes, I have. No, I have not/haven’t. No, I have/’ve never been to Tokyo Disneyland. Has he ever taken cooking lessons? Yes, he has. No, he has not/hasn’t. No, he has/’s never taken cooking lessons. or

16. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which word shows that an action was completed a short time ago? just They have finished the project. just 

17. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which word shows that an action was completed a short time ago? just They have just finished the project. Mum has come home. just 

18. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which word shows that an action was completed a short time ago? just They have just finished the project. Mum has just come home. We put just between have/has and the main verb.

19. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which word is used in positive statements to stress that something has happened? already Karen has left Hong Kong. already 

20. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which word is used in positive statements to stress that something has happened? already Karen has already left Hong Kong. already  I have seen the new film.

21. We often use the following words with the present perfect tense. already ever forjust sinceyet Which word is used in positive statements to stress that something has happened? already Karen has already left Hong Kong. I have seen the new film already. We put already between have/has and the main verb, or at the end of the sentence.

22. 1. Ann’s hair was dirty. Now it’s clean. (wash) ……... Ann has washed her hair………… 2. Tom was 80 kg. Now he’s 70. (lose weight) …………………………………………….. 3. Bill played football yesterday. Now he can’t walk; his leg is in plaster. (break) ………………………………………………………… 4. My sister is looking for her pen. (lose) …………………………………………………… 5. Mary is on holiday in France. (go) ……………………………………………………….. He has lost weight She has gone France. She has lost her pen He has broken his leg.

23. 6. Mr. Hill was in Canada last week. He’s back in London now. (be) ……………………………………………. 7. Look! Mrs. Smith has got a lot of packages. (buy) ………………………………………. 8. I can’t eat anything now. (eat too much) …………………………………………………. 9. Mrs. Jenkins is very tired. (clean / house) ………………………………………………… 10. Tony needs a holiday. (work / hard / this year) …………………………………………… He has been in London I have eaten too much She has bought a lot of packages She has cleaned house He has worked hard

24. Since & For 1. We’ve been here. (an hour / 4 o’clock) a) ………………………………………………………………………… b) ………………………………………………………………………… 2. She hasn’t spoken to me. (2 weeks / last week) a) ………………………………………………………………………… b) ………………………………………………………………………… 3. They’ve lived in this street. (1970 / a long time) a) ………………………………………………………………………… b) ………………………………………………………………………… 4. I haven’t had time to do it. (last Monday / a few days) a) ………………………………………………………………………… b) ………………………………………………………………………… 5. We haven’t bought a new one. (ages / many years) a) ………………………………………………………………………… b) …………………………………………………………………………

25. 1. (I / go / to the library today) __________________________________________________________ 2. (you / keep a pet for three years) _________________________________________________________ 3. (you / eat Thai food before?) __________________________________________________________ 4. (it / rain all day?) __________________________________________________________ 5. (who / we / forget to invite?) ___________________________

26. 6. (we / not / hear that song already) __________________________________________________________ 7. (he / not / forget his books) _________________________________________________________ 8. (she / steal all the chocolate!) __________________________________________________________ 9. (I / explain it well?) __________________________________________________________