3. 1. We describe how some individuals, organizations, symbols, and events, including some major international events, contributed to the development of identity, citizenship, and/or heritage in Canada between 1929 and 1945.

4. 1.You will describe responses of Canada and Canadians to some major international events and/or developments that occurred between 1929 and 1945, and explain the significance of these responses for Canadian identity and/or heritage.

5. How did Canadian soldiers contribute to D-Day?

6. The Beginning of the End

7. After forcing Hitler to fight on many fronts from Russia, to North Africa, to Sicily and Italy, the Allied nations finally decided to deliver their massive offensive against Nazi Germany. The Allies had built up troops, supplies and munitions on the southern coast of Britain for many months before the initial landings on June 6 th 1944. On June 6 th 1944, at 8:00 AM, the first Canadian wave hit JUNO BEACH in Normandy.

9. The first wave suffered 50% casualties, the second highest of the five D-Day beachheads. By the end of D- Day, 30,000 Canadians had been successfully landed, and the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division had penetrated further into France than any other Allied force, despite having faced strong resistance. Canada suffered 1,074 casualties on D-Day, of which 359 were fatal.

11. The invasion was a success! The Canadians along with the other Allied nations, were never defeated again. Although the Allies had mainly successes from D-Day to VE Day (Victory Europe Day), they still endured months of extremely hard fighting until Hitler and Nazi Germany surrendered on May 8 th 1944.

12. UnitAlliesGermansRatio Ground Troops1 million700,0001.43:1 Replacements120,00020,0006:16:1 Other Men1.75 million780,0002.25:1 Total2.87 million1.5 million1.92:1

13. UnitAlliesGermansRatio Tanks550014003.93:1 Artillery480032001.5:1 Others20008002.5:1 Air ForceBombersFightersTotal RAF (British)62421722796 USAAF (U.S.A.)192213113233 Luftwaffe (German)400420820 Ratio6.4:18.3:17.4:1