1. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 1-1 What Is Human Sexuality? Chapter 1

2. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-2 What Is Human Sexuality? Gender Personal, social, and legal status as male or female Coitus Sexual intercourse Erotic Arousing sexual feelings or desire

3. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-3 What Is Human Sexuality? Foreplay Mutual sexual stimulation that precedes coitus Human sexuality Ways in which we experience and express ourselves as sexual beings

4. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-4 Sexuality and Values Values Sexual knowledge and critical thinking skills are of value because they allow us to make informed sexual decisions The study of human sexuality interdisciplinary

5. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-5 What Is Human Sexuality? Canadian Society and Sexuality Values Comparing Canada with other countries Comparing Canada and the US Politics and sex in Canada and the US

6. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-6 What Is Human Sexuality? Sexuality and Values Sexual knowledge and critical thinking skills are of value Students should take an active role in enhancing their health

7. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-7 Thinking Critically About Human Sexuality 1. Principles of critical thinking 2. Be skeptical 3. Examine definitions of terms 4. Examine the assumptions or premises of arguments 5. Be cautious in drawing conclusions from evidence (continued)

8. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-8 Thinking Critically About Human Sexuality (continued) 6. Consider alternative interpretations of research evidence 7. Consider the kinds of evidence on which conclusions are based 8. Do not overgeneralize

9. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-9 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective Prehistoric sexuality Phallic worship Phallic symbols Incest taboo (continued)

10. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-10 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective (continued) Ancient Hebrews “be fruitful and multiply” Monogamy Procreation, mutual pleasure and fulfillment Gender roles (continued)

11. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-11 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective (continued) Ancient Greeks Bisexuality Pederasty Courtesan Concubine (continued)

12. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-12 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective (continued) Ancient Rome Sexual excesses were found among the upper-classes The family was viewed as the source of strength

13. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-13 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective (continued) Early Christians Views on sexuality were shaped by St. Paul and St. Augustine Nonprocreative sex was sinful (continued)

14. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-14 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective (continued) Eastern religions Islam Toaist  Fallatio  Cunnilingus (continued)

15. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-15 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective (continued) Eastern religions Hindu  Kama sutra  Karma (continued)

16. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-16 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective (continued) Middle Ages Woman as Eve Woman as Mary Protestant Reformation (continued)

17. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-17 Perspective on Human Sexuality Historical perspective (continued) Victorian era Sexual anesthesia Foundations of the scientific study of sexuality Sexologists Havelock Ellis (continued)

18. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-18 Perspective on Human Sexuality Foundations of the scientific study of sexuality (continued) Richard von Krafft-Ebing Sigmund Freud Alfred Kinsey (continued)

19. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-19 Historical Perspective Sexual revolution The period from the mid-60’s to the mid- 70’s Liberation of female sexuality Willingness to discuss sex openly

20. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-20 Perspective on Human Sexuality Biological Perspective Roles of genes, hormones, nervous system, and other biological factors

21. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-21 Perspective on Human Sexuality Evolutionary perspective Evolution Development of a species to its present state Natural selection Process by which adaptive traits enable members of a species to survive to reproductive age and transmit these traits to future generations (continued)

22. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-22 Perspective on Human Sexuality Evolutionary perspective (continued) Evolutionary psychology Behaviour patterns that enhance reproductive success may be genetically transmitted (continued)

23. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-23 Perspective on Human Sexuality Evolutionary perspective (continued) Evolutionary perspective and erotic plasticity Women show greater erotic plasticity than men

24. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-24 Perspective on Human Sexuality Cross-species perspective Nonhuman analogues of sexual behaviour (continued)

25. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-25 Perspective on Human Sexuality Cross-species perspective (continued) Analogues Similar or comparable to something else Copulation Sexual intercourse

26. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-26 Perspective on Human Sexuality Cross-Cultural Perspective Commonalities and differences in sexual behaviour

27. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-27 Perspective on Human Sexuality Psychological Perspective Sigmund Freud and psychoanalytic theory Psychoanalysis  Proposes that human behaviour represents the outcome of clashing inner forces (continued)

28. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-28 Perspective on Human Sexuality Psychoanalysis (continued) Unconscious mind  Contents of the mind that lie outside of conscious awareness (continued)

29. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-29 Perspective on Human Sexuality Psychoanalysis (continued) Defense mechanisms  Automatic processes that protect the ego from anxiety  Repression (continued)

30. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-30 Perspective on Human Sexuality Psychoanalysis (continued) Erogenous zones Parts of the body responsive to sexual stimulation (continued)

31. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-31 Perspective on Human Sexuality Psychosexual development Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital Fixation Oedipus complex

32. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-32 Perspective on Human Sexuality Learning Theories Behaviourism Observable and measurable behaviours Emphasize rewards and punishment (continued)

33. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-33 Perspective on Human Sexuality Learning theories (continued) Social-learning theory Observational learning, values, and expectations play a key role Modelling  Acquiring knowledge and skills by observing others

34. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-34 Perspective on Human Sexuality Sociocultural Perspective Sociocultural factors related to sexual attitudes and behaviour Number of sex partners Canadian attitudes toward women going topless (continued)

35. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada1-35 Perspective on Human Sexuality Sociocultural Perspective (continued) Media and sexuality Multiple perspectives on Human Sexuality We need to consider multiple perspectives to understand human sexuality

36. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 1-36 End of Chapter 1