1. Crime Scene Investigation

2. “There is not only the effect of the criminal on the scene to be considered, but also the manner in which the scene may have imparted traces to the criminal” (Charles E. O’Hara, Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation).

3. “There is not only the effect of the criminal on the scene to be considered, but also the manner in which the scene may have imparted traces to the criminal” (Charles E. O’Hara, Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation).“There is not only the effect of the criminal on the scene to be considered, but also the manner in which the scene may have imparted traces to the criminal” (Charles E. O’Hara, Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation). This quote is a restatement of Locard ’ s Exchange Principle

4. What is a crime scene? As small as a computer or as large as a plane crash As small as a computer or as large as a plane crash A crime scene is the largest area that may contain evidence for later investigation A crime scene is the largest area that may contain evidence for later investigation

5. What is physical evidence? Includes any and all objects that can establish that a crime has been committed or that can provide a link between a crime and its victim or a crime and its perpetrator Includes any and all objects that can establish that a crime has been committed or that can provide a link between a crime and its victim or a crime and its perpetrator

6. Why Forensic Science? Forensic science is an important element of the total investigative process Forensic science is an important element of the total investigative process It begins at the crime scene It begins at the crime scene

7. What does crime scene investigation consist of? Crime scene investigation consists of certain preliminaries Crime scene investigation consists of certain preliminaries

8. What does crime scene investigation consist of? Crime scene investigation consists of certain preliminaries Crime scene investigation consists of certain preliminaries Followed by documentation Followed by documentation

9. What does crime scene investigation consist of? Crime scene investigation consists of certain preliminaries Crime scene investigation consists of certain preliminaries Followed by documentation Followed by documentation Then the collection and Then the collection and

10. What does crime scene investigation consist of? Crime scene investigation consists of certain preliminaries Crime scene investigation consists of certain preliminaries Followed by documentation Followed by documentation Then the collection and Then the collection and Preservation of evidence Preservation of evidence

11. After these things occur, the crime scene can be reconstructed After these things occur, the crime scene can be reconstructed REMEMBER-- at all times certain legal considerations must be followed. REMEMBER-- at all times certain legal considerations must be followed.

12. Preliminary Actions It is the responsibility of the first officer on the scene to take steps to preserve and protect the area. It is the responsibility of the first officer on the scene to take steps to preserve and protect the area.

13. Preliminary Actions The priorities are: The priorities are:

14. Preliminary Actions The priorities are: The priorities are: save and preserve life save and preserve life

15. Preliminary Actions The priorities are: The priorities are: save and preserve life save and preserve life provide first aid to any injured provide first aid to any injured

16. Preliminary Actions The priorities are: The priorities are: save and preserve life save and preserve life provide first aid to any injured provide first aid to any injured arrest, detain, and remove any suspect present arrest, detain, and remove any suspect present

17. Preliminary Actions Ensure that the scene is safe for investigators and forensic examiners to enter Ensure that the scene is safe for investigators and forensic examiners to enter

18. Preliminary Actions Ensure that the scene is safe for investigators and forensic examiners to enter Ensure that the scene is safe for investigators and forensic examiners to enter Secure and preserve the crime scene Secure and preserve the crime scene

19. At the Scene….. Secure and preserve the crime scene by: Secure and preserve the crime scene by:

20. At the Scene…. Secure and preserve the crime scene by: Secure and preserve the crime scene by: keeping a record of anyone who enters or leaves keeping a record of anyone who enters or leaves

21. At the Scene…. Secure and preserve the crime scene by: Secure and preserve the crime scene by: keeping a record of anyone who enters or leaves keeping a record of anyone who enters or leaves record and preserve evidence record and preserve evidence

22. At the Scene…. Secure and preserve the crime scene by: Secure and preserve the crime scene by: keeping a record of anyone who enters or leaves keeping a record of anyone who enters or leaves record and preserve evidence record and preserve evidence identify and locate any witnesses and keep them separate until statements have been taken identify and locate any witnesses and keep them separate until statements have been taken

23. At the Scene…. Secure and preserve the crime scene by: Secure and preserve the crime scene by: keeping a record of anyone who enters or leaves keeping a record of anyone who enters or leaves record and preserve evidence record and preserve evidence identify and locate any witnesses and keep them separate until statements have been taken identify and locate any witnesses and keep them separate until statements have been taken communicate with the senior officer who is investigating communicate with the senior officer who is investigating

24. Once the scene has been secured……. Lead investigator will Lead investigator will

25. Once the scene has been secured……. Lead investigator will Lead investigator will evaluate the area evaluate the area

26. Once the scene has been secured……. Lead investigator will Lead investigator will evaluate the area evaluate the area establish boundaries establish boundaries

27. Once the scene has been secured……. Lead investigator will Lead investigator will evaluate the area evaluate the area establish boundaries establish boundaries determine the perpetrator ’ s path of entry and exit determine the perpetrator ’ s path of entry and exit

28. Documentation Three methods of crime scene recording are: Three methods of crime scene recording are: 1. photography 1. photography

29. Documentation Three methods of crime scene recording are: Three methods of crime scene recording are: 1. Photography 1. Photography 2. Sketches 2. Sketches

30. Documentation Three methods of crime scene recording are: Three methods of crime scene recording are: 1. Photography 1. Photography 2. Sketches 2. Sketches 3. Notes 3. Notes

31. Photography A good photographic record helps: A good photographic record helps: a. Document the facts and physical circumstances of the scene a. Document the facts and physical circumstances of the scene

32. Photography A good photographic record helps: A good photographic record helps: a. Document the facts and physical circumstances of the scene a. Document the facts and physical circumstances of the scene b. Record evidence that cannot be easily brought to court b. Record evidence that cannot be easily brought to court

33. Photography c. Permit reconstruction of the crime c. Permit reconstruction of the crime

34. Photography d. Reveal evidence that otherwise might have been missed d. Reveal evidence that otherwise might have been missed

35. Photography c. Permit reconstruction of the crime c. Permit reconstruction of the crime d. Reveal evidence that otherwise might have been missed d. Reveal evidence that otherwise might have been missed e. Serve to refresh the investigator ’ s mind at any time e. Serve to refresh the investigator ’ s mind at any time

36. Photography To be effective, photography should meet certain fundamental criteria: To be effective, photography should meet certain fundamental criteria:

37. Photography 1. It should occur immediately-- before other stages of the investigation 1. It should occur immediately-- before other stages of the investigation

38. Photography To be effective, photography should meet certain fundamental criteria: To be effective, photography should meet certain fundamental criteria: 1. It should occur immediately-- before other stages of the investigation (scene must be in an untouched condition) 1. It should occur immediately-- before other stages of the investigation (scene must be in an untouched condition)

39. Photography 2. Each scene should be photographed as completely as possible and be documented into notes and the sketch. 2. Each scene should be photographed as completely as possible and be documented into notes and the sketch.

40. Photography Photographs should include Photographs should include a. Area where crime took place, as well as any adjacent areas a. Area where crime took place, as well as any adjacent areas b. Points of entry and exit b. Points of entry and exit

41. Photography Photographs should include Photographs should include a. Area where crime took place, as well as any adjacent areas a. Area where crime took place, as well as any adjacent areas b. Points of entry and exit b. Points of entry and exit c. Various angles c. Various angles

42. Photography Photographs should include Photographs should include a. Area where crime took place, as well as any adjacent areas a. Area where crime took place, as well as any adjacent areas b. Points of entry and exit b. Points of entry and exit c. Various angles c. Various angles d. All walls and adjacent rooms (if inside) d. All walls and adjacent rooms (if inside)

43. Photography e. Position and location of evidence and/or body relative to the entire scene e. Position and location of evidence and/or body relative to the entire scene

44. Photography f. Close-ups of injuries, weapons, and other physical evidence f. Close-ups of injuries, weapons, and other physical evidence

45. Photography e. Position and location of evidence and/or body relative to the entire scene e. Position and location of evidence and/or body relative to the entire scene f. Close-ups of injuries, weapons, and other physical evidence f. Close-ups of injuries, weapons, and other physical evidence g. Surface under body after it is moved g. Surface under body after it is moved

46. Photography e. Position and location of body relative to the entire scene e. Position and location of body relative to the entire scene f. Close-ups of injuries, weapons, and other physical evidence f. Close-ups of injuries, weapons, and other physical evidence g. Surface under body after it is moved g. Surface under body after it is moved

47. Photography h. All bloodstains h. All bloodstains i. all latent fingerprints after dusting and before they are lifted i. all latent fingerprints after dusting and before they are lifted

48. Photography The use of videotaping is also becoming increasingly popular as an alternative to photographs. The use of videotaping is also becoming increasingly popular as an alternative to photographs.

49. Sketches Sketches are made after the photographs by the crime scene investigator Sketches are made after the photographs by the crime scene investigator Complements the photos and notes made at the scene. Complements the photos and notes made at the scene.

50. Sketches Sketches have several advantages: Sketches have several advantages: 1. can display areas photos cannot (ie. floor plan) 1. can display areas photos cannot (ie. floor plan)

51. Sketches Sketches have several advantages: Sketches have several advantages: 1. can display areas photos cannot (ie. floor plan) 1. can display areas photos cannot (ie. floor plan) 2. ties together multiple views and eliminates distortion 2. ties together multiple views and eliminates distortion

52. Sketches 3. eliminates unnecessary detail 3. eliminates unnecessary detail

53. Sketches 4. illustrates location of evidence not visible in photos 4. illustrates location of evidence not visible in photos

54. Sketches 3. eliminates unnecessary detail 3. eliminates unnecessary detail 4. illustrates location of evidence not visible in photos 4. illustrates location of evidence not visible in photos 5. can be used to accurately plot measurements made at the scene 5. can be used to accurately plot measurements made at the scene

55. Sketches Consists of: Consists of: Rough sketch-- made at the scene (no changes are made after investigator leaves scene) Rough sketch-- made at the scene (no changes are made after investigator leaves scene)

56. Rough Sketch must include accurate dimensions of the scene. must include accurate dimensions of the scene. must show the location of all objects relevant to the case must show the location of all objects relevant to the case

57. Rough Sketch No changes should be made to the original sketch after the investigator has left the scene. No changes should be made to the original sketch after the investigator has left the scene. location of objects is done through triangulation. location of objects is done through triangulation.

58. Triangulation take 3 measurements from 2 fixed points. take 3 measurements from 2 fixed points.

59. Final (finished) Sketch Final sketch-- prepared from the original sketch and notes Final sketch-- prepared from the original sketch and notes Includes: Includes: name of investigator name of investigator date and time of sketch date and time of sketch crime classification and case number crime classification and case number

60. Final (finished) Sketch name of any assistants name of any assistants address of crime scene address of crime scene directional notation (North) directional notation (North) scale scale legend legend location of evidence location of evidence

61. Final (finished) Sketch Accuracy is the most important part of the sketch. Accuracy is the most important part of the sketch.