1. 4/13/16 Aim: How Can We Describe Ecology and the terms used in the unit.
Do Now: What do you think an ecosystem is? List some parts of an ecosystem.
What is Ecology?
H.W.: text read pages answer the reading check on page 80

2. Ecology
The study of the relationships between organisms and their environments.

3. What is an Ecosystem?
An ecosystem is a group of organisms and their environment.
Examples of an ecosystem are: Pond, forest, fish tank, desert.

4. What is Ecology?
Ecology is the study of organisms and their environments.
An Environment is the surroundings of an organism.
An Organism is any living thing

5. What do organisms get from their environment?
Organisms need Food, Gases, Water, Shelter, and proper Temperature.

6. What are the two types of Factors in an ecosystem?
An Abiotic Factor is any non-living part of an environment.
Examples are: Light, water, air, soil, and rocks.
A Biotic Factors is any Living part of an environment.
Examples are: Animals, plants, fungi, protists and bacteria.

7. Thursday 4/14/16 AIM: What are some relationships in an ecosystem?
DO NOW: List at least 4 abiotic and biotic factors you personally come in contact with every day
HOMEWORK: text questions 1 and 2 page 84

8. What is a Community? What is a population?
A community is all of the biotic factors in an ecosystem. A group of different populations living in the same place at the same time
What is a population?
A Population is individuals within the same species living in an ecosystem.
Examples are: # of bald
eagles in America

9. What is a Habitat? What does a habitat provide?
A Habitat is an organisms home.
Examples are: Under a rock, a nest, hole in a tree.
What does a habitat provide?
All the things the organisms
need to survive.
Ex: Shelter, food, water.

10. What is a Niche?
A Niche is the role an organism plays in an ecosystem and its environment
The job of an organism
– How it obtains food and shelter, finds a mate, cares for young, and avoids danger.
Examples are: Decomposer, herbavore in a field and herbavore in a tree are separate niches.

11. Niches of Biotic Factors
Producer
Make all of the food for the entire ecosystem
Autotroph
auto: self
troph: feeder
Consumer
Cannot make their own food. Must obtain elsewhere
Heterotroph
hetero: other
troph: feeder

12. Introduction to Habitat and Niche. - YouTube

13. NICHE of Consumers or heterotrophs
Herbivores: primary consumers
Omnivores: primary or secondary consumers
Carnivores: secondary consumers
Decomposer
Predators or Prey
Parasite or host
Scavenger

14. How can different organisms occupy the same habitat yet still survive?

15. Aim: How can we describe how organisms affect each other?
Do Now: Explain the difference between an Ecosystem, a community and population?

16. Assessment 1-Explain the difference between:
A- biotic and abiotic
B-Niche and habitat.
2-the occupation of an organism is its ________.
3-Food, shelter and water are provided by an organisms ______

18. How do Organisms affect each other?
Competition:
when two different species need the same resources from the environment.
When two species occupy the same niche, the competition increases
Examples are: deer and Elk in
the same forest.

19. Symbiosis
Two different species of organisms live and interact in a close relationship within the ecosystem

20. Monday 4/18/16 AIM: how do organisms effect each other?
DO NOW: What is symbiosis?
What does it mean to have a + + symbiotic relationship?
HW: Textbook read pages RC on page 88 questions 1 and 2 pg 89

21. Mutualism(+,+)
Mutualism is when two different species help each other out.
Examples are: Sea anemone and clown fish; butterfly and flower.

22. Commensalism Sea Anemone and Clownfish 3'48 - YouTube

23. Parasitism(+,-)
Parasitism is when one organism takes advantage of another.
Examples are: Fleas and ticks on dogs.
Human tapeworm

25. Commensalism(+,0)
Commensalism is when one organism lives on another but does not hurt the other organism.
Examples are: Moss on a tree.
Remora fish on shark

26. Bond Between Sharks and Remoras 1 - YouTube

27. Predation (+,-) One organism kills another for food Predator: hunter
Prey: hunted

28. Aim: How can we describe the different Biomes of Earth?
Do Now: Compare and contrast Mutualism and Parasitism.
H.W.: Make sure you have last nights HW.
TONIGHT: Textbook pg 120 q 8 and 9

29. What are limiting factors?
Limiting factors are things that control the size of the populations of a species.
Examples are: Predators/prey, food, water, disease, weather.

30. Carrying capacity
The maximum amount of organisms an ecosystem can successfully sustain
As carrying capacity is reached, population size decreases

31. Skip to slide 39
H.W.: Textbook read pages Reading check on page Define and give at least 1 example of a limiting factor

32. AIM: What are the characteristics of a biome?
DO NOW: Explain the difference between mutualism and parasitism.
Homework: Textbook page 691 Reading check

33. There are 6 major biomes on Earth.

34. What is a Biome?
A biome is an environment with a specific climate (weather) and ecological community (organisms) plant and animals

35. Think about a desert. What is the climate in a desert?
What type of animals do you expect to find?
Plants?
Do these characteristics change when you go to deserts on different continents?

36. 1. Deciduous Forest Four seasons – warm summer + cool winters.
Trees lose leaves in fall.
Very fertile soil.
Oak, elm, maple, beech
Deer, squirrels, birds, fox
Deforestation (cutting down the forest) is a problem.

37. 2. Coniferous Forest Cold and Moist.
Conifer trees (have needles + produce cones).
Poor soil
Bear, lynx, owls, mouse, beaver.
Found in mountains.
Deforestation is a problem.

38. 3. Rain Forest Hot and wet – lots of rain. Tropical – near equator.
Trees grow all year.
Large variety of organisms
(biodiversity)
Parrots, lizards, monkeys, frogs
Animals live in trees.
Deforestation is a problem.

39. 4. Desert Hot and very dry. Plants store water in leaves and trunks.
Cactus and shrubs.
Lizards, rodents, camels.
Many animals are nocturnal.
Irrigation for farming is a problem.

40. 5. Grassland/Savanna Mostly grasses – not enough rain for trees.
USA – bison, mice, snakes, hawks.
Africa – lions, zebra, antelope.
Overuse by farmers and cattle is a problem.

41. Aim: How can we describe Energy roles and Energy Flow in an ecosystem?
Do Now: 1. Take out H.W. 2.
H.W.:

42. 6. Tundra Cold and dry. Frozen soil called permafrost.
Small plants, grasses, lichens, moss.
Caribou, wolves, oxen, fox.
Have thick fur to stay warm.
Oil drilling can be a problem here.

43. Thursday 5/7/15 AIM: how does energy flow through the ecosystem?
DO NOW: Explain the difference between a decomposer and a scavenger
Red bookq 13 pg 136

44. Thursday 4/21/16 AIM: How does energy flow through an ecosystem?
DO NOW: List the specific climate, animal and plant life in floral park.
HOMEWORK: Textbook page 695 questions 1 and 3

45. Energy Roles and Energy Flow in an Ecosystem.
All Energy enters an ecosystem from the sun and is cycled in the ecosystem through the organisms which Live there.

46. Producer A producer is an organism which makes its own food.
Ex: Plants.
Any green plant
or algae
Autotroph: self feeder
Make food through photosynthesis

47. Consumer A consumer is an organism which eats other organisms.
Heterotroph: other feeder: must get food from other sources
There are 5 types of consumers:
Herbivore.
Carnivore.
Omnivore.
Scavenger.
Decomposer.

48. Herbivores A Herbivore is an animal that eats Only plants.
They are primary consumers
Examples are: deer, cow, horse, rabbit.

49. Friday4/22/16
AIM: How do food webs display energy flow through the ecosystem?
DO NOW: Explain the difference between an autotroph and heterotroph. Which one are you?
Homework: Take home test DUE TUESDAY

50. Carnivores A carnivore is an animal that eats Only animals.
Are secondary or higher consumers
Examples are: Snake, owl, lion, shark.

51. Omnivores An Omnivore is an animal that eats both plants and animals.
                                                                                           
An Omnivore is an animal that eats both plants and animals.
Examples are: Rat, raccoon, bear, human.

52. Scavengers A Scavenger is an animal that eats dead organisms.
Examples are: Vulture, hyena,
ants.

53. Decomposers
A Decomposer is an organism which breaks down dead organisms and wastes into simple substances and returns them to the soil.
Recyclers
Examples are: Bacteria, fungi.

54. Scavenger: follows living things and waits for them to die before eating.
Decomposer: breaks down dead and decaying matter to release unused energy back into the ecosystem

55. Monday5/2/16 AIM: What are pyramid relationships in an ecosystem?
DO NOW: 1- Explain the difference between a producer and a consumer
2-Where does ALL of our energy come from?
HOMEWORK: text read pages answer question 3 on page 89

56. How do consumers extract energy from the ecosystem?
Producers use sunlight energy to make glucose
Consumers break down glucose and make ATP

57. Producers or autotrophs
Make the energy for the entire ecosystem
HOWEVER: producers are living things
They need to use some of the energy for their own life processes
Specifically each feeding level only gets 10% of the energy in the previous level

58. Food Chains
Food chains show ONE path of ENERGY () from one organism to another.
Example of a food chain is as follows:
Grain  Grasshopper  Mouse  Owl
Producer
Consumer
Autotroph
Herbivore
Carnivore

59. Energy Pyramids
show relationships between these organisms in a balanced ecosystem
Bottom=maximum amount
Owl .1%
Mouse 1%
Grasshopper 10%
Grain 100% Suns Energy
Sun

60. As Energy Flows through the Food Pyramid from bottom to top…
Size of the organism Increases. (Predators are larger than prey).
Number of the organisms decrease. (more prey than predators).
Mass of the organisms decreases. (fewer organisms on top).
Energy available decreases. (energy is lost from life process).

61. What happens to the energy at each level in the pyramid?
Some of it is used
Some is lost as heat

62. Questions 1- The mosquito larvae are: consumers
2- why do algae form the base of the pyramid?
they are producers
3- Why does the size of each level decrease as you move up?
looses energy
need less organisms
Raccoon
Frogs
Mosquito Larvae
Algae

63. Tuesday5/3/16 AIM: How is food cycled within an ecosystem?
DO NOW: Explain why the number of individuals decreases as you move up a pyramid.
HOMEWORK: Textbook pg 89 questions 1 and 2

64. Pyramid of Numbers

65. Question
If an oak tree leaf produces 500 grams of energy and a chipmunk eats the leaf, will the chipmunk get all 500 grams of energy? WHY OR WHY NOT

66. Why is energy lost at each trophic level of the food chain?
Because it is used by the organism
1/10 of energy is used and released as heat at each trophic level

67. Energy Pyramid

68. Energy Flow The ultimate source of energy for the ecosystem: sunlight
2. Energy changes:
light  chemical energy of organics  heat
3. Most of the energy captured by an organism is:
used to run it’s metabolism
Only about 10% of the energy captured by one group of organisms is available to the group that feeds on them

69. How can we demonstrate energy or food flow through an ecosystem?
Food chain song - Google Search
food chain – YouTube

70. Thursday 5/5/16
AIM: how are feeding relationships displayed within an ecosystem?
DO NOW: Handout pg 23-24
Homework:

71. 1-Explain how this specific food web would be effected if the owl population became extinct. 2-Why are there arrows pointing from all organisims to the bacteria?

74. What is a food chain?
Shows the individual levels of energy flow within an ecosystem.
Ex: corn-> mouse-> owl

75. What is a food web?
A food web shows how energy flows through an ecosystem.
Food web contains many food chains.
More realistic than a food chain
There are multiple species at each feeding level

76. Food Web
the greater the biodiversity (variety of species) in a food web, the greater it’s stability
The more organisms at each feeding level, the more realistic and balanced

77. Give Examples of a Food Chain from the Food Web.
Grass  Rabbit  hawk
Algae  Fish  human.

78. What is a Food Web?
A Food Web shows many paths of energy in a community.
Organism
Role
Food
Carrot
Producer
Sunlight, CO2, H2O
Grass
Grain
Rabbit
Herbavore
Carrot, grass
Grasshopper
Grass, Grains
Mouse
Omnivore
Grasshopper, grains
Bird
Fox
Carnivore
Rabbit, mouse, bird
Owl
Mouse, grasshopper