1. BECOMING ‘HYPERDISCIPLINARY’: Implications of increasingly hybrid collaborations Dr Peter Darch Department of Information Studies University of California, Los Angeles 4S Meeting, 10 October 2013, San Diego http://explorationnow.org/atlantis/album/2013/07/21/recent -dive-operations

2. Scientific work with multiple disciplines Multidisciplinary, Interdisciplinary (Cummings & Kiesler 2005) Framework for case studies (Star & Griesemer 1989, Galison 2010) Transdisciplinary (Gibbons et al. 1994; Nowotny et al. 2001) PETER DARCH, 4S, 2013 2

3. Introducing ‘hyperdisciplinarity’ Projects bring together scientists from multiple backgrounds ‘New’ disciplines do not go through all usual stages before being folded together with others Individual scientists as ‘entrepreneurs’ 3 PETER DARCH, 4S, 2013

4. Case study The Transformation of Knowledge, Culture, and Practice in Data-Driven Science: A Knowledge Infrastructures Perspective 4 PETER DARCH, 4S, 2013

5. Case study 5 National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center Interactions between subseafloor microbial life and geochemistry Individual and small group support for research Personal photograph https://sites.google.com/site/adoptamicrobe/ home (Accessed 8 October 2013) PETER DARCH, 4S, 2013

6. Contexts in which project is operating Integrated Ocean Drilling Programme (IODP) Integration of microbiology with physical sciences 6 iodp.tamu.org (Accessed 8 October 2013) PETER DARCH, 4S, 2013

7. Contexts in which project is operating 7 Personal photograph PETER DARCH, 4S, 2013

8. Scientists becoming hyperdisciplinary Structure of grants/awards contributes to environment Scientists must be entrepreneurial Simultaneously, they work in a variety of contexts Co-shaping of self-labelling and the work they do 8 PETER DARCH, 4S, 2013

9. Self-descriptions of those receiving funding Aquatic chemistry Aquatic microbial ecology Astrobiology Biochemistry Bioenergetics Biogeochemistry Biogeography Bioinformatics Biology Chemical ecology Chemical oceanography Deep sea biogeochemistry Deep sea microbiology Ecology Ecophysiology Environmental chemistry Environmental microbiology Genomics 9 PETER DARCH, 4S, 2013 Geobiology Geochemistry Geomicrobiology Geophysics Hydrogeology Hydrology Hydrothermal microbiology Inorganic chemistry Marine ecology Marine geology Marine microbial biogeochemistry Marine microbial ecology Marine microbiology Metabolomics Metagenomics Microbial biogeochemistry Microbial biogeography Microbial ecology Microbial oceanography Microbial physiology Microbiology Mineralogy Molecular biogeochemistry Molecular biology Molecular microbial ecology Molecular microbiology Molecular physiology Paleoceanography Paleoclimatology Paleogeomicrobiology Petrology Physiology Plant biochemistry Sedimentary biogeochemistry Sedimentary geochemistry Sedimentology

10. Aquatic chemistry Aquatic microbial ecology Astrobiology Biochemistry Bioenergetics Biogeochemistry Biogeography Bioinformatics Biology Chemical ecology Chemical oceanography Deep sea biogeochemistry Deep sea microbiology Ecology Ecophysiology Environmental chemistry Environmental microbiology Genomics Geobiology Geochemistry Geomicrobiology Geophysics Hydrogeology Hydrology Hydrothermal microbiology Inorganic chemistry Marine ecology Marine geology Marine microbial biogeochemistry Marine microbial ecology Marine microbiology Metabolomics Metagenomics Microbial biogeochemistry Microbial biogeography Microbial ecology Microbial oceanography Microbial physiology Microbiology Mineralogy Molecular biogeochemistry Molecular biology Molecular microbial ecology Molecular microbiology Molecular physiology Paleoceanography Paleoclimatology Paleogeomicrobiology Petrology Physiology Plant biochemistry Sedimentary biogeochemistry Sedimentary geochemistry Sedimentology 10 PETER DARCH, 4S, 2013 Aqua- Astro- Bio- Chem- Climat- Deep sea- Eco- Energe- Environmental- Gen- Geo- Geograph- Hydro- -ics Informat- Inorganic- Marine- Meta- Metabol- Micro- Mineral- Molecular- Ocean- -omics Paleo- Petro- Physic- Physiol- Plant- Sediment- Therm-

11. Hyperdisciplinarity moving forward Other NSF Science & Technology Centers Improved technologies Broader trends in academia Re-using what has already been produced Short-term funding, scientists need to be entrepreneurial 11 PETER DARCH, 4S, 2013

12. Acknowledgements Those scientists who have participated in our research Sloan Foundation (Award #20113194) Other members of the Knowledge Infrastructures team at UCLA (PI Prof Christine Borgman, Co-PI Prof Sharon Traweek) And thank you for listening For more information: Website: http://knowledgeinfrastructures.gseis.ucla.edu Email: petertdarch@ucla.edu Twitter: @PeterTDarch 12 PETER DARCH, 4S, 2013