1. Cardiovascular System Teresa Rogers Butler County ATC Spring 2012

2. Components Includes:Includes: –Heart –Blood vessels –Blood

3. Function ▫Transports nutrients and oxygen to the body ▫Removes metabolic waste and carbon dioxide from cells ▫Distributes hormones and antibodies throughout the body ▫Helps control body temperature and electrolyte balance

4. The Heart Is a two-sided, hollow organ about the size of a fist.Is a two-sided, hollow organ about the size of a fist. Located in the mediastinal cavityLocated in the mediastinal cavity Has three layers of tissue:Has three layers of tissue: ▫Pericardium – outer layer, reduces friction as the heart beats reduces friction as the heart beats ▫Myocardium – middle layer, pumps blood through the system pumps blood through the system ▫Endocardium – inner layer, allows the blood to flow smoothly allows the blood to flow smoothly

5. Chambers of the Heart Septum – muscular wall that separates the heart into the right and left sidesSeptum – muscular wall that separates the heart into the right and left sides Each side is divided into two partsEach side is divided into two parts Atria – two top chambersAtria – two top chambers Ventricles – two bottom chambersVentricles – two bottom chambers Blood enters the heartBlood enters the heart through the atria through the atria Blood leaves throughBlood leaves through the ventricles the ventricles

6. Heart Valves Atrioventricular - located between the atria and the ventricles on each side of the heart.Atrioventricular - located between the atria and the ventricles on each side of the heart. ▫Tricuspid valve – right side ▫Bicuspid valve – left side Semilunar - located betweenSemilunar - located between the ventricles and the vessels the ventricles and the vessels where blood leaves the heart. where blood leaves the heart. ▫Pulmonary valve ▫Aortic valve

7. Circulation of Blood PulmonaryPulmonary SystemicSystemic CoronaryCoronary

8. Pulmonary Circulation Flow of blood between the heart and lungsFlow of blood between the heart and lungs ▫The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. ▫Carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. ▫Oxygenated blood returns to the left side returns to the left side of the heart. of the heart.

9. Systemic Circulation Flow of blood between theFlow of blood between the heart and body heart and body ▫The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to pumps oxygenated blood to the body. the body. ▫Blood returns to the right side of the heart of the heart

10. Coronary Circulation Flow of blood to the heart muscleFlow of blood to the heart muscle ▫The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to heart tissue ▫Blood returns to the right side of the heart.

11. Blood Flow Through the Heart Superior & inferior vena cavaSuperior & inferior vena cava Right atriumRight atrium Tricuspid valveTricuspid valve Right ventricleRight ventricle Pulmonary semilunar valvePulmonary semilunar valve Pulumonary arteriesPulumonary arteries Lungs to exchange gasesLungs to exchange gases Pulmonary veinsPulmonary veins Left atriumLeft atrium Bicuspid / Mitral valveBicuspid / Mitral valve Left ventricleLeft ventricle Aortic semilunar valveAortic semilunar valve Aorta all parts of the bodyAorta all parts of the body

12. Intrinsic Conduction System Automaticity-enables heart to contract rhythmically and continuously without motor nerve impulses 1.SA (sinoatrial) Node: pacemaker located where the superior and inferior vena cava enter the right atrium 2.AV (atrioventricular) Node: sends impulses to ventricles 3.Bundle of His/Bundle Branches: in septum 4.Purkinje Fibers: in heart wall to distribute nerve impulses

13. Electrical Cardiogram