1. C h a p t e r 2 Understanding Human Sexuality: Theory and Research

2. 2 Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory The Unconscious: Libido, Thanatos Id, Ego, Superego Psychosexual Stages of Development

3. 3 Behaviorism Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning –Behavior Modification Social Learning Theory

4. 4 Cognitive Thoughts Perceptions

5. 5 Humanistic Theory Maslow –Hierarchy of Needs Rogers

6. 6 Biological Theories Biology Evolution

7. 7 Other Theories Sociological Theory Feminist Theory Queer Theory

8. 8 Sex Researchers In 19 th century, Western sexuality began to be studied from a scientific framework –Fascinated with “pathologies” of sex: fetishism, sadism, masturbation, homosexuality Since that time, a liberalizing trend in our thinking about sexuality –20 th century researchers viewed sexuality more positively

9. 9 Sex Researchers Three themes evident in later 20 th century sex researchers’ work: –Belief that sexual expression is essential to an individual’s well being –Desire to broaden the range of legitimate sexual activity, including homosexuality –Belief that female sexuality is equal of male sexuality

10. 10 Richard von Krafft-Ebing (1840-1902) Psychopathia Sexualis (1886)

11. 11 ) Havelock Ellis (1859-1939) Studies in the Psychology of Sex (1897-1910)

12. 12 Alfred Kinsey (1894-1956) Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953)

13. Kinsey’s Scale from 0 to 6

14. 14 Masters & Johnson Human Sexual Response (1966) Human Sexual Inadequacy (1970)

15. 15 Large Scale Sexuality Studies The National Health and Social Life Survey (1994) The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2001) National College Health Assessment (2006)

16. 16 Scientific Methods Cases Studies Surveys Direct Observation Participant Observation

17. 17 Experimental Research Correlational studies Experimental studies –Independent variables –Dependent variables Internet-Based Research

18. 18 Problems and Issues in Sex Research Ethical Issues Volunteer Bias Sampling Problems Reliability