1. Chapter 13: Gases Pressure Boyle’s Law Charles’s Law

2. Chapter 13: Gases Avogadro’s Law Combined Gas Law

3. Learning Targets You will learn about pressure and its units. You will learn about pressure and its units. You will learn about Boyle’s and Charles’s Law. You will learn about Boyle’s and Charles’s Law.

4. Learning Target You will learn about Avogadro’s Law and the combined gas law and use it in calculations. You will learn about Avogadro’s Law and the combined gas law and use it in calculations.

5. Vocabulary-8 words 1. Absolute zero 2. Universal gas constant 3. Boyle’s law 4. Charles’s law 5. Avogadro’s law 6. Combined gas law 7. Dalton’s law of partial pressures 8. Molar volume of ideal gas at STP

6. Pressure Pressure forms from the weight of the air. Pressure forms from the weight of the air. Change in weather conditions and altitude vary pressure. Change in weather conditions and altitude vary pressure. A barometer is a device used to measure atmospheric pressure. A barometer is a device used to measure atmospheric pressure. You will learn about pressure and its units.

7. Units of pressure There are several ways pressure is measured. There are several ways pressure is measured. Pressure can be measured in standard atmosphere (atm), millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), torr, pascal (Pa), kilopascal (kPa) and pounds per square inch (psi). Pressure can be measured in standard atmosphere (atm), millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), torr, pascal (Pa), kilopascal (kPa) and pounds per square inch (psi). The equivalence for these measurements is The equivalence for these measurements is 1.000 atm = 760.0 mm Hg = 760.0 torr = 101, 325 Pa = 101.325 kPa = 14.69 psi You will learn about pressure and its units.

8. Boyle’s Law Robert Boyle was the first to conduct experiments on gas. He studied the relationship between the pressure of a gas and its volume. As pressure increases, the volume of the trapped gas decreases. This means that if we know a volume of a gas at a given pressure, we can predict the new volume if the pressure is changed. You will learn about Boyle’s and Charles’s Law.

9. Boyle’s Law At constant temperature, the volume of a given amount of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. At constant temperature, the volume of a given amount of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. This law can be written as P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 This law can be written as P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 This law works if the temperature and amount of gas are constant. This law works if the temperature and amount of gas are constant. P stands for pressure and V stands for volume. P stands for pressure and V stands for volume. The 1’s indicate initial conditions and the 2’s indicate final conditions. The 1’s indicate initial conditions and the 2’s indicate final conditions. You will learn about Boyle’s and Charles’s Law.

10. Charles’s Law Scientists continued to study the properties of gases. The French physicist Jacques Charles was the first to fill a balloon with hydrogen gas and made the first solo balloon flight. Scientists continued to study the properties of gases. The French physicist Jacques Charles was the first to fill a balloon with hydrogen gas and made the first solo balloon flight. He found out that volume increases when temperature increases. He found out that volume increases when temperature increases. At constant pressure, the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature. At constant pressure, the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature. You will learn about Boyle’s and Charles’s Law.

11. Charles’s Law This means volume is directly proportional to the temperature. This means volume is directly proportional to the temperature. In some of the experiments, they found that matter could not be cooled at temperatures lower than -273°C. In some of the experiments, they found that matter could not be cooled at temperatures lower than -273°C. This temperature is defined as absolute zero, the temperature at which a gas theoretically occupies zero volume. This temperature is defined as absolute zero, the temperature at which a gas theoretically occupies zero volume. You will learn about Boyle’s and Charles’s Law.

12. Charles’s Law The equation for this law is V stands for volume and T stands for temperature. (T MUST BE IN KELVIN +273) The equation for this law is V stands for volume and T stands for temperature. (T MUST BE IN KELVIN +273) The 1’s represent initial conditions and the 2’s represent final conditions. The 1’s represent initial conditions and the 2’s represent final conditions. Pressure and amount are constant. Pressure and amount are constant. You will learn about Boyle’s and Charles’s Law.

13. Avogadro’s Law Italian scientist Amadeo Avogadro first postulated this law in 1811. Italian scientist Amadeo Avogadro first postulated this law in 1811. Relates volume to the number of moles (amount). Temperature and pressure are constant. Relates volume to the number of moles (amount). Temperature and pressure are constant. The relationship between volume and number of moles is directly proportional. The relationship between volume and number of moles is directly proportional. You will learn about Avogadro’s Law and the combined gas law and use it in calculations.

14. Avogadro’s Law The equation is  The equation is  V = volume n = number of moles (amount) At constant temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas. At constant temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas. You will learn about Avogadro’s Law and the combined gas law and use it in calculations.

15. Combined Gas Law The combined gas law is one that puts all the variables together. The combined gas law is one that puts all the variables together. The equation is  The equation is  The amount of gas (moles) is constant. The amount of gas (moles) is constant. If you can remember this equation, you can remember all of the equations. If you can remember this equation, you can remember all of the equations. You will learn about Avogadro’s Law and the combined gas law and use it in calculations.