1. I. Introduction to the Animal Kingdom

2. A. Symmetry and Body Plan Symmetry- similarity of form or shape around a point, line or on both sides of a plane 1.Spherical symmetry- all sections around a point are similar. I.e. a golf ball 2.Radial symmetry- all wedge shaped sections around a vertical line are similar. I.e. A wheel or starfish 3.Bilaterial Symmetry- one plane divides the body into equivalent parts

3. Animal Orientation Anterior Posterior Dorsal Ventral

4. B. Characteristics of the Animal Kingdom 1.Multicellular & Eukaryotic 2.Heterotrophic & Lack cell walls 3.Most are capable of movement at some point in their lifecycle 4.Cells are organized into tissues 5.Some animals have organs and organ systems

5. II. Classification of Animals

6. A. Phylum Porifera (Sponges) Animals with pores on their bodies

7. Not a Real Sponge!

8. Real Sponge!

9. 1. Characteristics a)Many Pores b)Radial Symmetry or none c)All are aquatic, most are marine d)Sponges are filter feeders. They suck in water that carries microscopic organisms Venus Flower Basket: note glass skeleton

10. I’m not a real sponge anatomically or physiologically, but my friend to the right is! You’ll have fun learning about him!

11. 2. Body Plan Epidermis- outer layer cells for protection Mesoglea- non-living jelly like layer Ameobocytes- cells that digest food and deliver nutrients to other cells, produce gametes and form spicules Spicules- for skeleton of the sponge Collar cells (choanocyte) for feeding and movement of water

12. 3. Ecological Roles a)Man uses them as cleaning tools b)Animals use them as shelter and some use them for food c)Painters and surgeons use them because of their superior absorption

13. B. Cnidaria animals with stinging cells Polyp body form

14. B. Phylum Cnidaria Medusa body form

15. 1. Characteristics a)Radial Symmetry or none b)Two body plans 1)Polyp: vase-shaped body, tentacles up, sessile 2)Medusa: bell-shaped body, tentacles down, free living c)All have stinging cells called nematocysts d)All are aquatic, most are marine e)1 st animals to have muscle and nervous tissue

16. 2. Body Forms

17. 3. Ecological Role a)Coral and coral reefs provide homes for other living organisms b)Coral reefs protect shore line areas from wave action c)Reefs are important breeding areas for aquatic life d)Cnidarians are predators and some can kill a man

18. C. Phylum Platyhelminthes: Animals with Flat Bodies

19. 1. Characteristics a)Bilateral Symmetry b)Flat bodies c)Three living layers of tissue: Ectoderm, Mesoderm and Endoderm d)Some show cephalization- concentration of nerve tissue at the anterior end

20. 2. Three Major Classes a) Class Turbellaria- free living planaria Eye spots Ganglion Gastrovascular cavity Pharynx Nerves

21. b) Class Trematoda- Parasitic Flukes Oral sucker Gastrovascular Cavity Ventral sucker Nerves

22. c) Class Cestoda- Parasitic tapeworms Testes Ovaries Proglottids Hooks Suckers

23. 3. Ecological Roles a)Planarians can be food for other animals b)Many flatworms are plant and animal parasites

24. Fluke Life Cycle:

25. Tapeworm Life cycle:

26. D. Phylum Nematoda (Round worms)

27. 1.Characteristics a)Inhabit soil, saltwater and freshwater b)Bilateral, Secondary Radial symmetry c)Body is cylindrical and tapered at both ends d)Have a psuedocoelom- layer between the mesoderm and internal organs, filled with fluid e)Cuticle- tough outer layer that prevents the host from digesting the worm f)One-way digestive tract with a mouth and an anus g) Contains a longitudinal network of muscles and nerves h)Most are plant and animal parasites, few are free living

28. 2. Life cycle of a Hookworm

29. 3. Ecological Roles a)About a billion people around the world are infected with worms b)Nematodes destroy crops

30. Roundworms can be a big problem!

31. E. Phylum Annelida: Segmented worms

32. 1. Characteristics a)Segmented- rings around body b)True Coelom- body cavity lined with cells. Tissues hold organs in place c)Bilateral symmetry d)First group to have true organ systems: Digestive, Circulatory, and Excretory

33. 2. Earthworm Body Plan

34. 3. Ecological Role a)Important food source for animals b)Fertilize and aerate soil c)Used as bait d)Leeches are used in the medical field