1. Heavy Metal Toxicity earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection

2. Defining Water Pollution Water pollution: degradation of water quality Water Quality My Be Evaluated Based on: 1. Use 2. Change from Norm 3. Drinking Quality Polluted water in India earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection

3. Water Uses Agriculture Power Generation Industrial Processes Home Use (Domestic) earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection

4. Sources of Pollutants to Water Direct Sources  Runoff  Leaks  Seepage into groundwater  Air transport Indirect Sources  Population size- leads to more pollution overall earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection

5. Categories of Pollutants earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection

6. Water Requirements for Home Use Water must be free from:  Fine sediment  Insecticides  Pesticides  Pathogens  Heavy metals Should also taste good, be odorless, not damage plumbing earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection

7. Heavy Metals in the Environment “Heavy” metals: high atomic weight  Human released  Natural earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection

8. Effects Of Metals on Health Direct Effects  Physiological- metals can inhibit basic body functions Indirect Effects  Stored in tissues over time- initial dose might be ok, but can accumulate over time (bioaccumulation) Example: Mercury  “Mad hatter”- mercury used in hat making earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection

9. Health Effects from Toxic Metals: Minamata, Japan Mercury release from 1932- 1968. Bioaccumulation in shellfish 2,265 victims were reported and 1,784 of them had died  Mercury poisoning earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection

10. Heavy Metal Uptake Pathways Soil Plants Consumers Humans Metals Water Phytoplankton Consumers Humans Metals WATER LAND earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection

11. Example: Lead (Pb) Contamination Mt. Pleasant, Michigan: contaminated with lead (4x EPA standards). The highest concentrations were found near homes built before 1930. Why? Leaded paint and gasoline  Seep into groundwater earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection

12. Example: Copper in San Diego Bay Copper levels in San Diego Bay are much higher than in neighboring Mission Bay. Why? San Diego BayMission Bay earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection

13. Sources of Copper to San Diego Bay Anti-fouling paint on boat hulls Run-off- brake pads, storm water earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection

14. The Effects of Copper in San Diego Bay Damaging to plant and fish life  Fish, mussels, kelp Ultimately un-healthy for humans  Recreational activities in the bay- such as fishing meso.spawar.navy.mil earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection

15. Studying the Effects of Anti-fouling Paint on Cu Concentrations in San Diego Bay Copper regulations  Anti-fouling paint Why so much copper?  Type of paint  Boat cleaning methods earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection

16. Copper Leach Rates from Anti-fouling Paint earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection

17. Conclusions Water pollution: degradation of water quality from its original state  Depends on use Heavy metals: harmful pollutants  Dangerous to human health  Toxic to marine life Heavy metal contamination  Recent decline  Some remain a problem: copper earthref.org/SCC Scripps Classroom Connection