1. UNIT 2: POPULATION Chapters 2 & 3 of textbook

2. LEVELS OF SIMPLIFICATION What is displayed on the map (level of detail) Aggregation-the size of the unit under investigation Map scale-ratio between the distance on the map and actual distance on Earth

3. MAP SYMBOLS Isoline-contour line on map (Ex: topography) Proportional symbols- the size of symbol chosen indicates a value (circle, triangle, etc.) Location charts-associating charts with specific mapped locations Dot maps- dots show precise locations of specific observations or occurrences Choropleth maps- use color or shades to represent data Cartograms-a particular area is shown bigger based on data values Visualization maps-software created, generally 3D or interactive

4. COGNITIVE MAPS A person’s internal geographic understanding of a place Formed from perception and information processing Maps that guide people’s spatial behavior Give clues to peoples’ levels of access to things like education, language, and transportation

7. PREFERENCE MAPS People’s ideas about environment, social, or economic quality of life in various places Not necessarily related to spatial behavior Correlation between growth rates of places and perceived quality of life High scoring places: Big cities score higher than rural places with beautiful scenery & sunny weather score higher (Colorado, California, Florida)

9. CLASS ACTIVITY Part 1  Create a set of directions that follows your course schedule from where you enter school to where you leave school for the day. (From bus/car to 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th, lunch, 5 th, back to car/bus).  These can only be written directions, use landmarks/building names/street names/compass directions etc. to identify which direction to go. Part 2  Identify European countries by what you know about them. Be sure to include a key of general areas as well.  Color the map for presentation (could be part of your key as well).

11. FUNDAMENTALS OF POPULATION World population is 7.4 billion (& counting!) Population ClockPopulation Clock Humans are not distributed uniformly or there would be plenty of space: Concentration- displayed on cartogram, shows where people are clustered and sparsely populated Density-explains relationship between people and available resources, determined by census 4 major population clusters (concentration): East Asia-nearly ¼ of world pop. (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan) South Asia-nearly ¼ of world pop. (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka) Europe-4 dozen countries (Monaco smallest, Russia largest), ¾ live in cities, highest pop in Germany, Belgium, London, Paris Southeast Asia-approx. 600 mil pop., mostly islands Indian & Pacific Oceans, Indonesia is 4 th most populous country U.S. is largest concentration in Western hemisphere Sparse populations: in dry, wet, cold, or high altitude lands Animated cartogram

15. WORLD IN BALANCE Video Complete the worksheet as you watch the video

16. POPULATION DENSITY Three types: Arithmetic Density Total number of objects in an area Answers “where” question Physiological Density Number of people supported by arable land (land suited for agriculture) Agricultural Density Ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land Developed countries have lower agricultural densities

17. HUMAN POPULATION: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Components of population growth (CBR) Crude Birth Rate: total number of live births for every 1000 people alive (CDR) Crude Death Rate: total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive (NIR) Natural increase rate: percentage by which a population grows in a year Overpopulation Population Predictions Fertility (TFR) Total fertility rate-average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing age

18. MALTHUS & OVERPOPULATION Thomas Malthus-English economist (1766-1834), argued rate of pop. Growth would outrun the food supply unless “moral restraint” lower CBRs or disease, famine, wars produced higher CDRs Modern Neo-Mathusians- gap between countries is even wider than expected Pop. Growth is outstripping more resources than just food Critics Considered unrealistically pessimistic Disagree that pop. Growth is a problem b/c it can increase economic growth (and make more food_

19. HEALTH AND POPULATION Epidemiology- medical science field concerned with incidence, distribution, and control of diseases 5 Stages: Stage 1: Pestilence & Famine (High CDR) Stage 2: Receding Pandemics (quick decline of CDR) Stage 3: Degenerative Diseases (moderate decline of CDR) Stage 4: Delayed but degenerative diseases (low but increasing CDR) Stage 5: Other Possibilities for decline (evolution, poverty, increased connections)

20. HEALTH CARE IMR Infant Mortality Rate- annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year compared with live births Life expectancy-average number of years a newborn can expect to live

21. MEDICAL SERVICES Developed countries use wealth for public assistance; developing countries to have money for healthcare More hospitals available in developed countries Most developed countries offer healthcare at low or no cost (about 70% pay out) U.S. is the exception to the developed countries; (55% pay out) When economic growth slows less money is allotted to healthcare