1. The Code on Sanitation of the Philippines

2. Presidential Decree No. 856 Code on Sanitation Dec 23, 1975 – Promulgation of the Code on Sanitation by President Ferdinand E. Marcos Objective: – Directing public health services towards protection and promotion of the health of the Filipinos 3 people that made an effort to codify our health laws and regulations 1.Dr. Mariano Icasiano 2.Dr. Amadeo Cruz – City Health Officer of Manila 3.Director of Health Services List of those with significant contributions in the development of the code – Regional Provincial and City Health Offices – National Environmental Protection Commission – Metropolitan Water and Sewage System – Population Commission – Executive branch of the government: Labor, Natural Resources, Agriculture, Education, and Finance – Philippine Public Health Association – League of Public Health Engineers – Philippine Society of Sanitary Engineers

3. Definition of Terms Code: Code on Sanitation of the Phils Department: DOH Secretary: Secretary of Health Regional Director: head of Regional Health Office Local Health Authority: responsible on the application of a prescribed health measure in a local political subdivision Health Officer: Provincial, City or Municipal Health Offcier Engineer: sanitary engineer Section: any section unless specified

4. Department of Health Functions: 1.Promotion and preservation of health and health standards 2.Extend maximum health services in rural areas and provide medical care to people who cannot afford due to poverty 3.Develop, administer and coordinate health activities and services 4.Upgrade the standards of medical practice and quality of health services 5.Assist local health agencies in developing public health programs 6.Issue permits to establish and operate hospitals, clinics, etc. 7.Prescribe standard rates of fees 8.Performed other functions provided by law

5. Authority of the Secretary – Promulgate rules and regulations to implement and enforce the provisions of this code Authority of the Bureau Directors – Develop plans, programs, operating standards and management techniques Authority of the Regional Directors – Administer health functions; implement policies, standards, and programs on health services; and enforce provisions of this code Authority of the Health Officers – Administer health functions under their jurisdcition; and enforce provisions of this code and rules and regulations promulgated by the Secretary of Health

6. The Republic of the Phils recognizes international treaties agreements and conventions on public health. Proceedings and rights commenced and accrued upon the effectivity of this code should not be affected by its provisions but those arising after the date of effectivity should conform to the provisions. Power delegated and duty assigned to a public health officer may be exercised by an agent of the official pursuant to law. Notice, report, statement, or record should be written in English or Pilipino and sent through postal service. No compensation for the owner whose property is officially condemned or seized by government for the purpose of public health Duty expressly vested in a health officer is the concern of the superiors of health office (command responsibility)

7. WATER SUPPLY Standards for drinking water; bacteriological and chemical examinations; evaluation of results – conform to the National Drinking Water Standards Treatment of water; disinfection of contaminated water sources; distribution systems – conform with procedures of DOH Sites of water sources; delivery of water to consumers; operation, plans and specifications of water system; and certification of potability of drinking water should be approved by the Secretary of Health. Initial and Periodic examination are required for drinking water. Examination should be performed only in private and government laboratories accredited by DOH

8. Prohibited: Washing clothes or bathing within a radius of 25 m from any source of drinking water. Construction of artesians or well within 25 m from any source of pollution. Storage of radioactive sources or materials within a radius of 25 m from any source of drinking water unless safely enclosed by proper shielding. Physical connection between distribution system and other water supply unless reguarly examined and found to be safe and potable. Installation of booster pump direct from water distribution line.

9. FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS

10. In establishing a food establishment, the owner/proprietor should be able to accomplish all the necessary requirements established by the local government with the participation of the city or municipal health office with regards to the sanitation and safety not only the customers but as well as the workers. They should be able to secure legal permits before they can start operating. The structures and ambiance of the whole establishment should be kept maintained clean, no overcrowding, and good ventilation at all times, and proper waste disposal, in order not only to give satisfaction to the customers but also to prevent the spread of diseases, particularly air-borne. Availability of toilette area or even a wash area if the former cannot be provided is also encouraged

11. There is also emphasis on the screening of the workers. There are certain guidelines that the owner and/or human resources officer in choosing who are qualified to work in the food establishment. One of the most highlighted is the issuance of the medical certificate to the worker. He should be free from any diseases nor a carrier of any disease for it may be hazardous to his co-workers as well as to the customers. There should also be well-distinct work description among the workers of the said establishment. i.e.: the cook should not be expected to do janitorial job (rest room cleaning) simultaneously; the cashier who receives all the money from the customers should be avoided to do preparation of food in the kitchen. In summary, the chapter would like to emphasize on prevention of all the contagious diseases that is likely to spread in food handling and other services. Guidelines should be well-maintained by the management at all times, otherwise, necessary consequences will be imposed (i.e. suspension/ termination of permits, closure of the establishments, etc.)

12. MARKETS AND ABATTOIRS The construction sites should be free of nuisance conditions, contamination, should have available adequate water supply for cleaning and proper drainage and cleaning facilities. The constructions should be durable enough to protect customers and vendors from hazards and harmful elements.

13. The local health authorities are responsible for periodic inspections of the sanitation facilities, supervision of the proper use and care of market stalls, and prohibition of construction of living quarters, partitions, sheds or booths within the market.

14. They are responsible for the supervision of the sanitation facilities and proper disposal, and examination of meat being sold based on the requirements of existing laws. They should permit slaughter of animals in other places as long as public health is protected, that only health animals are slaughtered and the methods of slaughtering, dressing, storing, handling and transporting are all in accordance with the laws.

15. The local government and local operators in charge of the markets, in turn, are responsible to provide adequate number of personnel to ensure that proper sanitation and hygiene are observed and maintained.

16. PUBLIC LAUNDRY A public laundry is defined as a laundry established and operated for commercial purposes, open to the public, and not to an exclusive clientele. All public laundries should secure sanitary permit before operating.

17. Only durable construction materials should be used. Flooring should be smooth and made with water-tight materials. Proper ventilation and 10- foot candles of lighting are required. All drying facilities should be free from contamination. Laundry supplies should be properly stored, prepared, handled and labelled.

18. All articles to be laundered coming from hospitals and infected sources shall be treated by hot water, detergents, and be effectively disinfected. Those that came in contact with radiation should be isolated in a certain area and monitored by Radiation Safety personnel before sending for laundry. A separate room shall be used solely for receiving, sorting, marking, or handling unwashed articles.

19. SCHOOL SANITATION AND HEALTH SERVICES Definition of Terms School – an institution of learning which may be public, private or parochial. Special School – a school which utilizes cadavers, plants, animals, bacterial, and viral cultures for studies and research. Physical Environments – the school plants, grounds and facilities. Emotional Environment – factors which affect the emotional health of students and members of the faculty.

20. There should be accessibility to public transportation but traffic hazards are to be avoided. The area should be large enough for playgrounds, fields, and gardens. Buildings should be made of durable materials and requirements of local fire department should be observed. The school site should be located away from disturbances and bad influences.

21. Health Services a.Periodic physical and medical examinations b.Periodic immunizations c.Medical and dental treatment d.Treatment for common emergencies e.Counselling and guidance

22. Special Schools Cadavers shall be stored in morgues and dissected in dissecting rooms in accordance with the standards prescribed by the Department. Poisonous or harmful plant, animals, viral and bacterial cultures, as well as radioactive materials shall be kept and secured.

23. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE Sanitary permit is a requirement and industrial establishments shall be allowed to operate only in places or zones assigned for the kind of industry. Sewage and waste disposal should be properly observed. Adequate potable water supply and restrooms shall be provided for employees.

24. The Secretary shall issue a list of maximum concentration of atmospheric contaminants as a guide in appraising health hazards and in evaluating control measures, review concentration values at regular intervals, require control of contaminants known to cause impairment of health, prescribe control measures to eliminate infectious diseases transmission, promulgate measures to effectively and adequately control radioactivity exposure to workers and to reduce noise and pollution.

25. Employers shall provide control measures and protective equipment, inform the employees the nature of the hazards and the reasons for and methods of control measures and protective equipment, make periodical testing of hearing of employees and adopt measures regarding the noise produced. Employees should observe strictly protective measures and use equipment properly.

26. Workers shall not be exposed to atmospheric contaminants hazardous to health. Control measures shall be provided to eliminate or control the transmission of infectious diseases. Adequate lighting and ventilation shall be provided and distributed in all work areas in amount required for the type of work. Medical services shall be provided to all employees in accordance with existing laws and the rules and regulations prescribed by the Department.

27. PUBLIC SWIMMING OR BATHING PLACES Sanitary permit shall be issued by the Secretary or authorized representative before operation. Correct sanitary practices for persons swimming or bathing and personnel working shall be observed to prevent transmission of communicable diseases. Adequate number of trained personnel and necessary equipment needed for life- saving and rescue work shall be practiced.

28. Toilets, shower baths, and dressing rooms shall be provided and methods of determining the sanitary quality of water shall be examined and approved. The local health authority shall inspect the state of sanitation of public swimming or bathing places, ascertain that personnel examine regularly the presence of any infectious disease, enforce rules and regulations, and recommend revocation of permits if necessary.