1. Aim: Summarize the Causes and Effects of the Crusades

2. Goals of the Crusades Age of Faith inspired wars of conquest
Pope Urban II issued call for a holy war
Crusade to gain control of the Holy Land
Crusades had religious, economic, social and political goals
Muslims controlled Palestine & threatened Constantinople
Pope wanted to reclaim Palestine
Kings & Church as opportunity to get rid of knights who fought each other
Knights threatened peace of Kingdoms and Church 2

3. The First 3 Crusades
(1)-1097, 3 armies gathered outside Constantinople
Were French, Bohemians, Germans, English, Scots, Italians, & Spaniards
Crusaders besieged Jerusalem for month and captured it in 1099
(2)-1144, Muslims organize to recapture city
1187, Jerusalem fallen to Muslim leader (Saladin)
(3)- 3 European Kings try to recapture Jerusalem
(Philip II, Frederick I, and Richard the Lion Hearted)
1192- Jerusalem under Muslim Control
Agreement: Saladin allow Christians to visit Jerusalem 3

4. Additional Crusades Ended up looting city of Constantinople
(4)- 1204, Failed attempt to capture Jerusalem by knights
Goal: Lure of Treasure
Ended up looting city of Constantinople
The Children’s Crusade (1212)
Two different movements (France & Germany)
Thousands of children try conquering Jerusalem
Thousands die in the Alps
Spanish Crusade
Muslims (Moors) control Span
Reconquista- Spanish drive Muslims from Spain
Inquisition: To unify Spain under Christianity, Jews and Muslims forced to convert in 1400 4

5. Effects of the Crusades
Crusades example of power of the Church during Medieval Period
European Merchants who lived and traded in the Crusades expanded trade between Europe & South West Asia
Failure of later Crusades lessened power of the pope and kings
For Muslims, intolerance and prejudice by Christians left bitterness and hatred
Prejudice continued for Jews throughout Europe 5