1. BELLRINGER: 3/30 + 3/31 1. Pick up the papers by the door. 2. Make the following ToC updates: ▫Page #126: Notes: Crusades ▫Page #127: SAC Evidence Sheet ▫Page 128: SAC Exit Ticket 3. Write down your HW: ▫Read pages 356-361 in your textbook. ▫Study for your Nation-States and Middle Ages quiz NEXT CLASS! 4. Discuss the following question with the people around you: “Can something be both a success and a failure at the same time? Explain and provide examples.”

2. AGENDA: 3/30 + 3/31 1. Bellringer 2. Notes: The Crusades 3. SAC: Crusades + Terrorism 4. Glossary Work Time

3. The Crusades History’s Most Successful FAILURE The Crusades

4. Background on the Crusades: During Middle Ages the Catholic Church had risen in power ▫Christianity rises in Europe! After the fall of Rome, the Eastern portion of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire

5. Background on the Crusades: Many were uncertain where life would lead them Many tragic events  people start to need to believe in a higher power ▫For Europeans = this becomes God/the Catholic Church

7. Causes of the Crusades: Jerusalem  holy land for Christians ▫Many come to visit (pilgrimages) The Seljuk Turks (Muslims) controlled Christian Holy Land ▫Problem comes up! The amount of visitors grew too much that the Turks began not allowing visitors Fear of growing Muslim “empire” ▫It was also believed that the increase in Muslim power would threaten the Byzantine Capital of Constantinople

8. Jerusalem

9. The Crusades Begin 1093: Byzantine Emperor needs help to save Constantinople from Turks ▫He asks Catholic Church for help 1095: Pope Urban II issues a call for a “holy” war or Crusade ▫GOAL of Crusade: capture the Holy land (Palestine) back from Muslims ▫Pope assured that those that die in Crusade will have a place in Heaven

12. The First Crusade: 1096-1099 Crusaders move into the eastern Mediterranean and capture Jerusalem ▫SUCCESS – at first  by 1187, Jerusalem falls back to Muslim rule

13. The Second Crusade: 1147-1149 Less successful than First Crusade Crusaders fail to capture cities in the Holy Land

14. The Third Crusade: 1189-1192 Crusaders led by Richard the Lionhearted - King of England ▫Conflict between Muslims and Crusaders lasts nearly 5 years ▫Despite war, eventually they came to a truce with Saladin, leader of Muslims  Christians (unarmed) = allowed in Jerusalem

15. The Last Crusades There were about 7-8 total Crusades led by Christians against Muslims in the Holy Land ▫The First and Third = most well-known The next 4 were unsuccessful in recapturing Jerusalem. But they are known for other things.

16. Children’s Crusade - 1212 From the Rhineland (Germany) to Italy 20,000 – 30,000 children (+women, the elderly) went ▫Most died of disease, starvation and others were sold to slavery

17. The Inquisition (“Spanish Crusades”) GOAL of Inquisition: Kick Muslims/all non-Catholics out of Spain  Called the Reconquista (re- conquering of Spain for Catholicism)  In essence, taking it back for the Catholics  Inquisition developed a judicial court used to suppress heresy (anyone different from teachings of Church)  Like a witch hunt against those not Christians

19. Why did the Crusades fail? After the 1 st attempt, each attempt was weaker with less emphasis on winning ▫Becomes about destruction, devastation of the people living in the Holy Land War becomes a source of profit ▫A way for some to make money and get goods ▫Continue the Crusades? Make more profit Stealing from Byzantine and Islamic civilizations

20. Effects of Crusades Showed power of Catholic Church Increased trading between East and West  Leads to cultural diffusion  Helps businesses grow, merchant class rises Contributes to increased global trade (the Commercial Revolution) Religious divides are enhanced ▫Muslim bitterness and hatred toward Christians Constantinople (Istanbul) eventually falls to Ottoman Turks ▫Because the Byzantine Empire is weakened by the constant conflict caused by the Crusades

21. Effects of Crusades: How will increased trading effect society?  More $$ available  Merchants get increased power  taxes increase to king   King no longer need to give land for loyalty, instead can give money  Growth of cities  Move back to cities to trade