1. Aim: What were the original goals of the Crusades? DO NOW: Why was the Catholic Church such a powerful force in Western Europe in the Middle Ages?

2. WHAT WERE THE MOTIVES OF THE CRUSADES? The Crusades

3. 1 st Crusade (1096 - 1099) Destination: Jerusalem Christian Knights take the city and establish 4 ‘crusader states’ on the Eastern Mediterranean Coast: Antioch, Tripoli, Acre, Edessa Muslims and Jews massacred by the thousands as Christians capture the city Christian Crusaders win… for now

4. 2 nd Crusade (1147 – 1149) Destination: Edessa then Jerusalem Turks recapture the northern Crusader state of Edessa and Christian crusaders unsuccessfully attempt to reclaim it By 1187, Jerusalem falls to Muslim Arab leader Saladin Muslims Win… for now

5. 3 rd (Kings) Crusade (1189 – 1192) Destination: Jerusalem French, German, and English Kings lead effort to regain Jerusalem.  Barbarosa (Germany) drowns on the way there, Phillip (France) gets into a fight with Richard and goes home, Richard (England) is left to fight with the Crusaders Richard the Lionheart and Saladin agree to a truce Muslims retain control of Jerusalem but Christians can freely visit the city.

6. 4 th Crusade (1202 – 1204) Destination: Constantinople In 1198, Pope Innocent III appeals for yet another attempt to capture Jerusalem. Crusaders set out, but only make it as far as Constantinople. They wind up looting the city – causing separation between the Eastern and Western Christian Church.

7. The Children’s Crusade (1212 – 1216) Thousands of children march from Europe to Jerusalem with no weapons / defense/ supplies or adult supervision Many children turn back, freeze, drown, or are sold into slavery

8. 5 th Crusade (1218 – 1221) Destination: North Africa Pope Innocent III calls for another Crusade. Crusaders travel to Egypt, Syria and are defeated.

9. Reconquista (1100 – 1400s) Destination: Spain Muslims are driven out of Spain by the Christian army of Ferdinand and Isabella, the Spanish monarchs As Christian armies conquer the former Muslim state, many Muslims and Jews ‘convert’ to Christianity so they can stay in Spain

10. Inquisition (1400s) Destination: Spain Christian converts (former Jews and Muslims) or enemies of the state are questioned and tortured by appointed ‘inquisitors’ from the Catholic Clergy in an attempt to suppress herecy in Spain