1. The Crusades World History

2. Causes  Economic Younger sons wanted land Wanted to plunder Middle East

3. Causes  Political Kings wanted to increase power Knights were bored, and looking for a fight

4. Causes  Religious Urban II inspired Knights to save the Holy Land Crusaders were assured a spot in heaven

5. Causes  Immediate trigger Muslims threaten Byzantine Empire Byzantine Emperor asks Pope for help

6. 1 st Crusade  Goal: Conquer Jerusalem  100,000 peasants answered the call No weapons No food No plan  Attack Jews on the way  Peasants are slaughtered  12,000 Knights survive and capture Jerusalem

7. 2 nd Crusade  No Goal  Attacked Muslim Cities  Conclusion: Angered Muslims

8. 3 rd Crusade  Goal: recapture Jerusalem from Saladin  Led by Richard the Lionheart, Frederick Barbarossa, and Philip Augustus  Conclusion: truce Muslims controlled Jerusalem Christian could visit

9. 4 th Crusade  Goal: Conquer Jerusalem  Attacked Constantinople  Conclusion: Fatally wounded Byzantine Empire Permanently split Christian Church

10. Reconquista  Goal: Take Spain back from Muslims Used the Inquisition to purge society  Conclusion: Spain controlled by Christians

11. Later Crusades  Goal: personal gain  2 children’s crusades  Attacked Jews and Africa

12. Effects of the Crusades  Weakened Pope’s power  Feudalism weakened  Stimulated trade  Damaged relations between Christians, Jews, and Muslims  Crusaders brought advanced knowledge back to Europe  Rise of cities