1. Reviewing Transitive, Intransitive, and Linking Verbs

2. Transitive Verbs Review  A transitive verb is an action verb. It requires a direct object to complete its meaning. In other words, the action of the verb is transferred to the object directly.  To determine whether a verb is transitive, ask yourself whether the action is done to someone or something. (e.g.,  To determine whether a verb is transitive, ask yourself whether the action is done to someone or something. (e.g., The subject did something to what or whom?)  REMEMBER! It’s the direct object show. You can’t have a transitive verb WITHOUT a direct object…EVER.  And, you can’t have an indirect object without a direct object (although, you won’t always have an indirect object. They aren’t mandatory.). Example:  Harry caught the snitch. What was caught? That’s the direct object.  A transitive verb is an action verb. It requires a direct object to complete its meaning. In other words, the action of the verb is transferred to the object directly.  To determine whether a verb is transitive, ask yourself whether the action is done to someone or something. (e.g.,  To determine whether a verb is transitive, ask yourself whether the action is done to someone or something. (e.g., The subject did something to what or whom?)  REMEMBER! It’s the direct object show. You can’t have a transitive verb WITHOUT a direct object…EVER.  And, you can’t have an indirect object without a direct object (although, you won’t always have an indirect object. They aren’t mandatory.). Example:  Harry caught the snitch. What was caught? That’s the direct object.

3. Examples The subject did something to what or whom?  The judge sentences the man to five years in prison.  The subject (the judge) applies an action (sentences) to a direct object (the man).  The attorney has revealed the bad news.  Who is the subject?  What is the action being performed?  To whom or what? (the direct object)  The defendant had no alibi.  Who is the subject  What action is transmitted?  What is the direct object?  The judge sentences the man to five years in prison.  The subject (the judge) applies an action (sentences) to a direct object (the man).  The attorney has revealed the bad news.  Who is the subject?  What is the action being performed?  To whom or what? (the direct object)  The defendant had no alibi.  Who is the subject  What action is transmitted?  What is the direct object?

4. Clues to understanding indirect objects! Remember!  The indirect object of a sentence is the recipient of the direct object.  They answer the question(s): “to whom or for whom was the action done?”  They come between the verb and the direct object.  Harry threw Ron the snitch.  There must be a direct object to have an indirect object.  Indirect objects are usually found with verbs of giving or communicating like give, bring, tell, show, take, or offer.  An indirect object is always a noun or pronoun which is not part of a prepositional phrase. Remember!  The indirect object of a sentence is the recipient of the direct object.  They answer the question(s): “to whom or for whom was the action done?”  They come between the verb and the direct object.  Harry threw Ron the snitch.  There must be a direct object to have an indirect object.  Indirect objects are usually found with verbs of giving or communicating like give, bring, tell, show, take, or offer.  An indirect object is always a noun or pronoun which is not part of a prepositional phrase.

5. Indirect object practice…to whom or for whom?  Jim built his granddaughter a sandcastle on the beach.  Jim = subject; built = verb. Jim built what? Sandcastle = direct object. Who got the sandcastle? Granddaughter = indirect object.  So that Darren would have company at the party, Sammy and Maria brought him a blind date.  Sammy, Maria = subjects; brought = verb. Sammy and Maria brought who? Blind date = direct object. Who got the blind date? Him = indirect object.  To explain the broken lamp, we told Mom a lie.  We = subject; told = verb. We told what? Lie = direct object. Who got the lie? Mom = indirect object.  Jim built his granddaughter a sandcastle on the beach.  Jim = subject; built = verb. Jim built what? Sandcastle = direct object. Who got the sandcastle? Granddaughter = indirect object.  So that Darren would have company at the party, Sammy and Maria brought him a blind date.  Sammy, Maria = subjects; brought = verb. Sammy and Maria brought who? Blind date = direct object. Who got the blind date? Him = indirect object.  To explain the broken lamp, we told Mom a lie.  We = subject; told = verb. We told what? Lie = direct object. Who got the lie? Mom = indirect object.

6. To locate the direct object and the indirect object if there is one….  Answer this… The subject did something to whom? (direct object)  To whom or for whom was the action done if anyone? (indirect object)  Prosecutors charge people with crimes.  The knife’s sharp edge cut the chef.  Law enforcement had previously convicted the man. (identify the action and the direct object.)  The chef tossed his assistant the pasta.  The grumpy librarian gave Jane the library card.  The technician made a joke.  A local woman is seeking a seat on the city council.  The police officer gave me a ticket.  Answer this… The subject did something to whom? (direct object)  To whom or for whom was the action done if anyone? (indirect object)  Prosecutors charge people with crimes.  The knife’s sharp edge cut the chef.  Law enforcement had previously convicted the man. (identify the action and the direct object.)  The chef tossed his assistant the pasta.  The grumpy librarian gave Jane the library card.  The technician made a joke.  A local woman is seeking a seat on the city council.  The police officer gave me a ticket.

7. Bell Work and Instructions  Come in quietly, write your CJ entry, and prepare for class.  Have out any late work.  I will check comp NBs tomorrow.  Start your Bell Work. It is the handout that I have provided for you.

8. Intransitive Verbs Refresher

9. Intransitive Verbs  An intransitive verb is an action verb, BUT it does not have a direct object. The action ends rather than being transferred to some person or object.  They often are followed by an adverb or by a prepositional phrase that relates to the verb—NOT the subject.  Ask whether or not the action is done in some way, in some direction, or to some degree. (Notice, this sounds like the function of an adverb!)  Example:  Alice complained bitterly.  How did she complain?  He stopped at the store.  Where did he stop?  An intransitive verb is an action verb, BUT it does not have a direct object. The action ends rather than being transferred to some person or object.  They often are followed by an adverb or by a prepositional phrase that relates to the verb—NOT the subject.  Ask whether or not the action is done in some way, in some direction, or to some degree. (Notice, this sounds like the function of an adverb!)  Example:  Alice complained bitterly.  How did she complain?  He stopped at the store.  Where did he stop?

10. More examples:  We arrived at the classroom door.  Arrived = intransitive verb.  James went to the campus cafe for a bowl of squid stew.  Went = intransitive verb.  To escape the midday sun, the cats lie in the shade under our cars.  Lie = intransitive verb.  Around fresh ground pepper, Sheryl sneezes with violence.  Sneezes = intransitive verb.  In the evenings, Glenda sits on the front porch to admire her immaculate lawn.  Sits = intransitive verb.  We arrived at the classroom door.  Arrived = intransitive verb.  James went to the campus cafe for a bowl of squid stew.  Went = intransitive verb.  To escape the midday sun, the cats lie in the shade under our cars.  Lie = intransitive verb.  Around fresh ground pepper, Sheryl sneezes with violence.  Sneezes = intransitive verb.  In the evenings, Glenda sits on the front porch to admire her immaculate lawn.  Sits = intransitive verb.

11. Linking Verbs Refresher

12. Finally…. Linking Verbs.  A linking verb implies a state of being or condition for the subject, not action.  It links the subject to a noun, pronoun, or adjective in a sentence that tells more about the subject.  Again, a linking verb will connect the subject with something (following the linking verb) that restates the subject or tells us more about the subject.  THIS IS ONE WAY TO SEE HOW LINKING VERBS AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS DIFFER.  A linking verb implies a state of being or condition for the subject, not action.  It links the subject to a noun, pronoun, or adjective in a sentence that tells more about the subject.  Again, a linking verb will connect the subject with something (following the linking verb) that restates the subject or tells us more about the subject.  THIS IS ONE WAY TO SEE HOW LINKING VERBS AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS DIFFER.

13. Some of the main linking verbs. Is am are was Is am are was Were be being been Were be being been

14. Common Linking Verbs that look like action verbs APPEARPROVE BECOMEREMAIN FEELSEEM GETSMELL GROWSOUND SITTASTE LOOKTURN

15. Hold on just a minute…  Many verbs can be linking, transitive, or intransitive depending on their function.  Examples:  Linking: The nation’s mood turned sour.  (The subject is not engaged in an action. Turned links mood with a state of being– sour.)  Many verbs can be linking, transitive, or intransitive depending on their function.  Examples:  Linking: The nation’s mood turned sour.  (The subject is not engaged in an action. Turned links mood with a state of being– sour.)

16. Next…  More examples….  Transitive: The judge turned the pages quickly.  (The subject was engaged in the action (turned) and that action was transferred to an object (pages)  More examples….  Transitive: The judge turned the pages quickly.  (The subject was engaged in the action (turned) and that action was transferred to an object (pages)

17. And finally….  Intransitive  The lawyer turned suddenly toward the back of the courtroom.  The subject was engaged in an action (turned) and that action was done in a particular way (suddenly) but not to someone or something.  Intransitive  The lawyer turned suddenly toward the back of the courtroom.  The subject was engaged in an action (turned) and that action was done in a particular way (suddenly) but not to someone or something.

18. Examples:  Sara is a genius.  is = linking verb  Roads were messy on Monday along parts of the East Coast.  It was a sad day.  The robbery victim pointed and yelled.  Before the show, Ahmad seemed nervous.  Sara is a genius.  is = linking verb  Roads were messy on Monday along parts of the East Coast.  It was a sad day.  The robbery victim pointed and yelled.  Before the show, Ahmad seemed nervous.