1. IIHS Current Developments in Motor Vehicle and Highway Safety National Association of Subrogation Professionals November 4, 2008 Stephen Oesch

2. IIHS Mission The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety is an independent, nonprofit, scientific and educational organization dedicated to reducing the losses — deaths, injuries, and property damage — from crashes on the nation's highways. founded in 1959 The Highway Loss Data Institute shares and supports this mission through scientific studies of insurance data representing the human and economic losses resulting from the ownership and operation of different types of vehicles and by publishing insurance loss results by vehicle make and model. founded in 1972

3. The highway safety problem

4. IIHS Motor vehicle crashes 2006  5,930,000 police-reported crashes  2,575,000 injured  42,642 killed Additional crashes are not reported to police but result in insurance costs  5,930,000 police-reported crashes  2,575,000 injured  42,642 killed Additional crashes are not reported to police but result in insurance costs

5. IIHS Insurance losses from motor vehicle crashes 2006  20 million claims  $27 billion in collision coverage losses  $18 billion in property damage liability coverage losses  $32 billion in injury claim losses –$22 billion in BI coverage –$6 billion in PIP coverage –$4 billion in MedPay coverage

6. IIHS IIHS has a broad-based research program The Haddon Matrix crash phase changes in…beforeduringafter people  licensing laws (young & old)  impaired driving laws  speed limits & enforcement  red light enforcement  belt use  helmets  speed limits  alcohol vehicles  lane departure warning  daytime running lights  electronic stability control  airbags  vehicle structure  bumpers  OnStar  fuel system integrity environment  roundabouts  pedestrian crossings  rumble strips  trouble spot treatment  roundabouts  breakaway poles  jersey barriers  emergency medical services

7. Making safer vehicles

8. IIHS IIHS vehicle research center Outside car companies, few facilities in the world are equipped to conduct the range of crash tests and other research the Vehicle Research Center can accommodate.

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11. Frontal offset crash protection ratings Improvements: 1995 to 2008 poor marginal acceptable good

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13. Automakers are accelerating introduction of side airbags with head protection; one reason is that they know consumers are paying attention to results of IIHS tests Rearseat cushion

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15. Side impact crash protection ratings Improvements: 2003 to 2008 poor marginal acceptable good

16. IIHS Percent of vehicle models in U.S. with side airbags as optional or standard equipment By type of side airbag, 1997-2008 head and chest chest head year

17. IIHS Insurance claims in which a neck sprain, or whiplash, is the most serious injury cost auto insurers about $8.5 billion annually, or about 25% of total dollars for all crash injuries

18. IIHS Volvo 850 — good head restraint geometry

19. IIHS Evaluations of head restraint geometry Percent of cars with restraints rated good, acceptable, marginal, or poor poormarginal acceptablegood

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21. Rear crash protection ratings 2007 model year poormarginal acceptable good 30% 25% 14% 31%

22. IIHS  Gooevaluation in frontal crashworthiness test  Gooevaluation in side crashworthiness test  Gooevaluation in rear crash protection/head restraint test  Availability of electronic stability control Requirements for 2007 TOP SAFETY PICK award

23. IIHS TOP SAFETY PICK 2008 award winners Large cars Audi A6 Acura RL 2009 models Cadillac CTS Ford Taurus with optional electronic stability control Mercury Sable with optional electronic stability control Volvo S80 Midsize cars Acura TSX 2009 models Audi A3 Audi A4 Honda Accord 4-door models Saab 9-3 Subaru Legacy with optional electronic stability control Small cars Subaru Impreza with optional electronic stability control Midsize convertibles Saab 9-3 Volvo C70 Midsize SUVs Acura MDX Acura RDX BMW X3 BMW X5 Ford Edge Ford Taurus X Honda Pilot Hyundai Santa Fe Hyundai Veracruz built after August 2007 Infiniti EX35 Lincoln MKX Mercedes M class Nissan Murano Saturn VUE built after December 2007 Subaru Tribeca Toyota Highlander Volvo XC90 Small SUVs Ford Escape 2009 models Honda CR-V Honda Element Mazda Tribute 2009 models Mercury Mariner 2009 models Mitsubishi Oulander Nissan Rogue Subaru Forester 2009 models Volkswagen Tiguan 2009 models Large SUV Audi Q7 Minivans Honda Odyssey Hyundai Entourage Kia Sedona Large pickup Toyota Tundra

24. IIHS Avoiding crashes with electronic stability control

25. IIHS model year standard optional Percent of vehicle models with ESC 1995-2008

26. IIHS Vehicle crashworthiness is still an issue: Roof strength

27. IIHS If all passenger vehicles had had ESC in 2006, IIHS estimates there still would have been about 4,000 occupant deaths in single-vehicle rollovers Roofs must be stronger- Research is needed to know what measure of roof strength is meaningful and repeatable Restraint systems are needed to prevent diving into roofs

28. IIHS IIHS study to evaluate FMVSS 216  11 models of 4-door midsize SUVs  Roof strength measures –8 IIHS contracted tests –3 NHTSA tests  Crash data from 12 states used to calculate fatality and injury rates for study vehicles in rollover crashes  Fatality/injury rates related to roof strength measures

29. IIHS Percent that roof strengths exceed federal standard 20 40 60 80 100

30. IIHS Injury rates in rollover crashes

31. IIHS Study results Strong roofs reduce deaths and injuries  Nissan Xterra had strongest roof of SUVs in study, more than 2 times level required by federal standard  If other SUVs had same roof strength as Xterra, an estimated 212 of 668 deaths in these vehicles in 2006 would have been prevented  Similar serious injury trends were observed

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33. Crash avoidance

34. IIHS Success of crash avoidance technologies depends on answers to 3 questions  What is the size and nature of the problem addressed by the technology? –Crash description question  What kinds of information (warning modalities) will elicit the right responses from drivers? –Human factors question  Will (and how will) driver behavior change in response to the technology? –Driving task question

35. IIHS Technologies available on 2008 vehicles sold in United States number of makes forward collision warning with automatic braking 3 brake assist9 lane departure warning6 blind spot detection6 adaptive headlights15

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37. Maximum potential annual crashes preventable by forward collision warning all crashes2,268,000 injury crashes210,000 fatal crashes7,166

38. IIHS Lane departure warning Camera mounted behind rearview mirror looks at road ahead and monitors vehicle position in relation to lane markings; if vehicle wanders out of lane, driver is warned with audible, visible, and/or haptic signals Some designs may actively redirect the vehicle

39. IIHS Infiniti lane departure systems preventionwarning

40. IIHS Lane departure warning or prevention warningprevention Volvoaudibleno GMaudible, visualno Audi vibrating steering wheel no BMW vibrating steering wheel no Infinitiaudible, visualyes

41. IIHS Maximum potential annual crashes preventable by lane departure warning all crashes483,000 injury crashes87,000 fatal crashes10,345

42. IIHS Blind spot warning/detection Radar or digital cameras detect whether vehicles are moving within blind spot zones night or day and warn drivers

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44. Maximum potential annual crashes preventable by blind spot warning/detection all crashes457,000 injury crashes24,000 fatal crashes428

45. IIHS Emergency brake assist Comparison of stopping distances at various speeds 30 mph 50 mph 70 mph EBA 6.6 ft 18.1 ft 31.2 ft When sensors detect panic braking, system boosts braking power to reduce stopping distance

46. IIHS Maximum potential annual crashes preventable by emergency brake assist all crashes417,000 injury crashes61,000 fatal crashes3,079

47. IIHS Adaptive headlights withwithout

48. IIHS Maximum potential annual crashes preventable by adaptive headlights all crashes143,000 injury crashes31,000 fatal crashes2,553

49. IIHS Maximum crashes potentially preventable By type of system annualfatal forward collision warning2,268,0007,166 brake assist417,0003,079 lane departure warning483,00010,345 blind spot detection457,000428 adaptive headlights143,0002,553 total unique crashes3,435,00020,777

50. IIHS Crashes potentially preventable by 5 technologies annualfatal all crashes5,991,00034,591 crashes relevant to 5 technologies3,435,00020,777 ESC’s estimated effectiveness__9,000 net potential of 5 technologies__11,777

51. IIHS Making safer roads

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53. Roundabouts: Redesign the intersection to reduce crashes

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55. www.iihs.org For more information: