1. Portugal’s Empire in the East First European power to push into Asia Their advantage was their superior firepower. Won control over the spice trade in the area of the Indian Ocean. The commander in charge of Portuguese conquest was Afonso de Albuquerque. In 1510, Portugal seized the island of Goa. Portugal controlled the spice trade throughout most of the Sixteenth Century. Portugal couldn’t take over Asian trade because they didn’t have the resources or power to take over.

2. Portugal’s Empire in the East Describe how the Portuguese gained control over the spice trade. _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

3. Rise of the Dutch First Europeans to challenge Portugal. Warships and trading vessels put the Netherlands in the forefront of European commerce. They used their sea power to set up colonies and trading posts. The Dutch built the city of Cape Town in Africa.

4. Rise of the Dutch How did the Portuguese become challenged by the Dutch? _________________________________________ _______________________________________

5. Impact of the Dutch In 1602, a group of wealthy Dutch merchants formed the Dutch East India Company. In 1641, the Dutch captured the island of Malacca from Portugal. Set up a monopoly in the Spice Islands, controlling shipments to Europe and trade within South East Asia. The growing power of England and France contributed to the decline of the Dutch trading Empire in the East.

6. Impact of the Dutch Describe the importance of the Dutch East India Company. _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

7. Spain Seizes the Philippines Spain took over the area of the Philippines. Magellan claimed this archipelago for Spain in 1521. This caused the Filipinos to be conquered: they were not united. Spanish priests sought to convert the people to Christianity.

8. Spain Seizes the Philippines Describe the ways in which the Spanish seized control over the Philippines. _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

9. Spanish Impact This area became a key part of the Spanish trading empire: Philippines. Spain shipped silver mined in Mexico and Peru to the Philippines. Large quantities of silver came to East Asia.

10. Spanish Impact Why did Spain want to control the islands? _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

11. Mughal India The Mughal dynasty was founded by Babur in 1526. The Mughal dynasty had splendid courts and luxury goods which dazzled European merchants. The Mughal empire was not interested in European goods because they had little value to them. India produced spices and textiles and also exported silk and cotton cloth These groups were able to build forts and warehouses in coastal towns: the Portuguese, the Dutch, the English, and the French.

12. Mughal India Describe the relationship that European traders had with the Mughal Empire. _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

13. Mughal India’s Decline This leader ended the policy of religious toleration (the successors of) Akbar. The end of this policy created conflicts between Hindu and Muslim princes. Corruption became widespread, causing the central government to collapse. Alliances were made between local officials, independent rajahs and the English and French East India Companies. Each company created an army of sepoys, or Indian troops.

14. Mughal India’s Decline Describe the reasons why the Mughal Empire declined. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ___________________

15. European Traders in Mughal India In the mid-1700s, these groups fought for global power: British and French. War in Europe erupted in 1756. The war eventually spread to their lands in Asia and the Americas. Robert Clive, an agent of the British East India Company used British troops and sepoys to drive the French from their trading posts. The Company forced the Mughal emperor to recognize their right to collect taxes in Bengal. By 1700, the Company became the ruler of Bengal, allowing them to spread their wealth and influence in India.

16. European Traders in Mughal India What effect did the decline of the Mughal empire have on France and Britain? _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________