1. Power to the People: The Rise of Athenian Democracy 1

2. Warm Up OBJECTIVE: SWBAT define monarchy, oligarchy, tyranny, direct democracy, assembly, and citizen and explain how government was practiced in ancient Athens. 2 Directions: Read each statement. Decide whether you think the scenario is fair or unfair (circle one). Explain why or why not.

3. Warm Up Agenda 3 1.The mayor of your city has decided that his eldest son will be the next mayor and that there will no longer be elections each year. 2.Some very wealthy businesspeople decide that everyone in your town must give them $100 every month so that they can continue to have parties and entertainment every night. 3.A small group of city councilors (government officials) pass a law that if you cannot pay your debts, then you have to work for someone who can pay your debts for the rest of your life. 4.The head of the police department decides he wants to be the mayor, so he puts the current mayor in jail. When people try to speak out against him or criticize him, he uses the police to put them in jail, too. 5.A new law has been proposed, but before it is voted on, citizens can come to talk and give their opinion on the new law and then vote on whether or not it should be passed. Share out: Which of these situations are the most or least fair? Why?

4. Launch 4 Monarchy: A form of government in which one person, such as a king, queen, or emperor, rules and holds the power. The power is usually passed down through the family. Cecrops: The mythical first king of Athens (an important Greek city-state.) King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia (Present day absolute monarch!)

5. Launch 5 oligarchy —a form of government in which a small group of people, usually wealthy aristocrats, rule and hold power together. Aristocrats were wealthy landowners in ancient Greece One well known oligarchy was found in Sparta, an ancient Greek city-state.

6. Launch 6 Tyranny: A form of government in which the ruler seizes and takes power illegally, often through force. In 510 BC, Cleisthenes helped Athens be set free from the Tyrant Hippias. He was the last tyrant of Athens. Statue of Cleisthenes

7. Launch 7 Agenda Direct Democracy: A type of government in which the power is held by the people. Every citizen can vote on every issue. Citizens on the Pnyx, a flat-topped hill in Athens to debate and vote. Citizens participated in many ways. As many as 6,000 citizens were expected to participate in the assembly, 500 on the council, and at least 200 on juries.

8. Launch 8 Agenda Assembly—A group of citizens who gathered together in ancient Greece to pass laws. Ancient Athenian citizens were expected to participate in the Assembly. In the 5th century public slaves were used to herd citizens from the agora into the meeting place (Pynx) with a red- stained rope. A fine was given to those who got the red on their clothes. Later, in 403 BCE, pay for participation was used, but only for the first 6,000.

9. Launch 9 Agenda Citizen: A person who legally belongs to a country and has the rights and protection of that country. Two famous citizens: Plato and Aristotle A citizen in ancient Athens only included Athenian men who had completed military training. Slaves, freed slaves, women, and children were not included. By 450 BCE, both mothers and fathers had to be Athenians for a man to be considered a citizen. This meant that only about 20% of the population actively participated.

10. Explore 10 Agenda After each statement, you will have to discuss with your group which government is being represented. Be prepared to defend your decision!

11. Explore 11 Situation 1: Citizens of Smallville gather in the town hall to discuss, debate, and then vote on a new law that would lower the voting age requirement.

12. Explore 12 Situation 2: A small group of very wealthy aristocrats in Largeville decide that everyone will have to pay higher taxes on everything.

13. Explore 13 Situation 3: The queen of Warland decides to declare war on Peaceland even though her advisors don’t think it’s a good idea.

14. Explore 14 Situation 4: The leader of Groveland throws citizens in jail because the citizens were questioning whether or not he was the legal ruler of the land and wanted an election to select the leader.

15. Summary: Whole Class Discussion 15 Why did direct democracy arise in ancient Athens? (Use evidence and examples from what you learned today!)