1. Evidence for microevolution by natural selection Drug-resistance Mutation 1 st, drug selects for it

2. Evidence for microevolution by natural selection industrial melanism in peppered moths < 1850 were light > 1850 went dark soot coated trees Kettlewell: dark moths survived on dark trees, light on light

3. Evidence for microevolution by natural selection Dark moths survived on dark trees, light on light Now select light moths

4. Evidence for microevolution by natural selection HbS: human microevolution malaria selects Het have more kids

5. Evidence for microevolution by natural selection HbS: human microevolution Freq. HbS allele correlates with malaria

6. Other evidence for microevolution in humans? Skin color Dark in tropics to block UV Light in N for vit D

7. Other evidence for microevolution in humans? AIDS resistance Humans homozygous for CCR5 ∆32 are “immune” to HIV Humans heterozygous for CCR5 ∆32 are resistant Humans are evolving!

8. Mutation? Gene flow Genetic drift Outcrossing

9. Selection has changed less "old disease" less birth defects less famine New selection diseases drugs cars pollution birth control Humans in 10,000 AD will have evolved!