1. Human Variation and Adaptation Part 1

2. Learning Objectives 1. Describe how variation within groups is maintained and how variation among groups is maintained. 2. Describe modern human biological diversity and articulate an informed position on the question of biological races of humans. 3. Define and provide examples of the four forces of evolution. 4. Articulate anthropological insights into contemporary issues of multiculturalism and diversity with reference to present human biological variation.

3. Microevolution & Macroevolution Microevolution

4. Evolution = Allele frequency = Population = Background for Lecture

5. Gene pool Gene frequency Endogamy Exogamy Background for Lecture

6. Reproductive Isolation Background for Lecture

7. Human Biological Diversity & The Race Concept Particular ‘traits’ used to ______________ Egyptians: ____________________ Ancient Greece: _____________________ Arabs: _________________________ History of the Concept of Race

8. Human Biological Diversity & The Race Concept Europeans (mid-late 1770s) Needed to explain new discoveries Classification system: _______________________ _________________________

9. Human Biological Diversity & The Race Concept

10. Human Biology & the Race Concept: Explaining Skin Color _________________vs. ___________ What do biologists & anthropologists mean by these terms? How does this relate to skin color? __________________________

11. Human Biology & the Race Concept: Explaining Skin Color

12. Solar Radiation & Skin Color Melanin – _______________________ Protection from _____________________ Fair = ______________ Dark = _______________

13. Human Biology & the Race Concept: Explaining Skin Color 1940 diagram

14. Human Biological Diversity & The Race Concept “race”-based research techniques Biomedical information Why take this focus if ‘race’ is socially constructed? ___________________ ____________________ Change in focus away ___________________ Recognizes ______________________ Note: we will send more time on this topic on Jan 22nd

15. Forces of Evolution Natural Selection Mutation Genetic Drift Gene Flow Previously covered Lecture, Part 2: briefly discuss sickle cell Focus on these

16. Forces of Evolution Genetic Drift: Has a greater effect on ___________________ Can include _____________________________

17. Forces of Evolution Genetic Drift, continued ___________________ Allele frequencies are __________________that are taken from, or are remnants of, ___________ ____________________ ______________________________

18. Forces of Evolution Genetic Drift, continued Huntington's Chorea Polydactyl: ______________

19. Genetic Drift, continued ________________ When ________________ is drastically reduced by a ________________ Examples: ________ _________________events narrows the ______________ Forces of Evolution

20. __________: _____________________ ____________________________________  influenced by biocultural interactions!

21. Genetic Drift and Gene Flow Genetic Drift: ________ ____________ ______________ Gene Flow: ____________ Force of Evolution Within Population Between Populations Genetic Drift Gene Flow How do these two forces of evolution influence variation within and between populations?