1. V-SHARE MIDDLE AGES NOTES #3 – THE CHURCH AND THE PLAGUE GOT THIS LAST CLASS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

2. Middle Ages Review - Crusades - 1076: Seljuk Turks conquer the Holy Land. -1095: Fearing being taken over by Muslims the Byzantine Empire asks for help. -1095: Pope Urban II calls on French and Italian Lords re-conquer the Holy Land (Jerusalem). -1096-1099: The First Crusade -EUROPEANS CONQUER THE HOLY LAND AND SET UP CRUSADER STATES -KILLED 70,000 JEWS, MUSLIMS, AND CHRISTIANS WHEN THEY TOOK JERUSALEM

3. Middle Ages Review - Crusades - 1187: Saladin, the great Muslim leader, re-conquers Jerusalem from the Catholics. - 1189-1192: Third Crusade led by Richard the Lionheart is a failure the Christians. Results of Crusades - Increased between the Middle East and Europe. - Italian City-States become wealthy. - Bitterness among the major religions.

4. Middle Ages Review - Crusades Results of Crusades - Byzantine Empire weaker after Christians attack Constantinople. - The Mongols from Central Asia are new invaders to Europe during this time. - Constantinople falls to Ottoman Turks in 1453 ending the Byzantine Empire 1,000 years after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

5. Middle Ages Review – Nation States ENGLAND - 1066: Battle of Hastings - William the Conqueror becomes King of England. - Sets up the Great Council - Becomes known as Parliament -1150’s: Common Law -King Henry II sends out judges to hear cases. -They use common sense to make decisions. -These decisions would help decide future cases.

6. Middle Ages Review – Nation States ENGLAND -1215: Magna Carta (Great Charter) - King John forced to sign document to give more rights to the Nobles (people). FRANCE 987-996: Hugh Capet builds kingdom from the city of Paris.

7. Middle Ages Review – Nation States THE HUNDRED’S YEAR WAR 1337-1451 ENGLAND VS. FRANCE - After 114 years of fighting both England and France have established their current European Boundaries. SPAIN - 1479: Ferdinand and Isabella unite Spain and kick out the Muslim Moors. Jews can remain if they convert to Catholicism. - 1520’s: Charles V (Son of Ferdinand and Isabella) creates huge empire in America (Western Hemisphere). Defeats the Aztec and Incan Empires.

8. Middle Ages Review – Nation States RUSSIA - 1550’s: Unites Russia around the City of Moscow after kicking out the Mongols.

9. THE CHURCH

10. I. The Church A. Scholars 1. Were among the very few who could read and write. a. The masses were uneducated, while nobility was concerned with feudal obligations.

11. I. The Church A. Scholars 2. Worked in Monasteries a. Translated Greek and Arabic works into Latin.

12. I. The Church A. Scholars 3. Made new knowledge in philosophy, medicine, and science available in Europe. a. Helped Europe leave the Dark Ages b. Books 1. Divine Comedy was a poem on the Christian Soul. The poem described Dante travels through Heaven, Hell and Purgatory. 2. The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. A group of stories told form the point of view of about 30 pilgrims on their way to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury. a. Pokes fun at English society and the church.

13. I. The Church A. Scholars 3. Made new knowledge in philosophy, medicine, and science available in Europe. c. Waterwheels and windmills 1. Helped with grinding grain into flour for bread.

14. I. The Church A. Scholars 3. Made new knowledge in philosophy, medicine, and science available in Europe. d. Thomas Aquinas 1. Monk who was considered the greatest Middle Ages religious philosopher. 2. Argued that science and reason were not in conflict with faith.

15. I. The Church A. Scholars 4. Laid the foundations for the rise of Universities in Europe a. France - Paris – Theology, religion, and liberal arts.

16. I. The Church A. Scholars 4. Laid the foundations for the rise of Universities in Europe b. England – Oxford – Theology, religion and liberal arts.

17. I. The Church A. Scholars 4. Laid the foundations for the rise of Universities in Europe c. Italy – Salerno - University taught medicine.

18. The Black Death (1347-1351)

19. I. The Black Death A. The Plague 1. Arrived in Europe around 1347 AD and lasted until 1351 AD. 2. Brought to Europe by Italian ships that traded with the Middle East & Asia. 3. Within six years an estimated 1/3 to 1/2 of the European population was dead.

20. I. The Black Death A. The Plague – Shipping Routes FROM THE MIDDLE EAST TO EUROPE

21. I. The Black Death B. The Disease 1. Carried by fleas that lived in the fur of a particular type of black rat. 2. Once fleas kill the rat they leave the host and move to the next living thing around ….humans.

22. I. The Black Death B. The Disease 3. Once infected boils appear in a person’s armpit and groin; then vomiting commenced accompanied by high fever. Within hours the victim was usually dead.

23. The Disease Cycle Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria. Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria. Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut. Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound. Human is infected!

24. I. The Black Death C. Reactions 1. The rich fled cities to live in the country. 2. How did one catch the plague? a. Looking at victim b. Breathing bad air c. Drinking from poisoned wells.

25. I. The Black Death C. Reactions 3. Cures a. Cut in the skull to let out the devil and cure madness. b. Throw sweet-smelling herbs on a fire to clean the air. c. Sit in a sewer so the bad air of the plague is driven off by the worse air of the drains. d. Kill all the dogs and cats in the town. e. Shave a live chicken’s bottom and strap it to the plague sore.

26. Lancing a Boil

27. Attempts to Stop the Plague Pograms against the Jews “Jew” hat “Golden Circle” obligatory badge

28. I. The Black Death C. Reactions – The Plague Doctor

29. Medieval Art & the Plague

30. I. The Black Death D. Results 1. Decline in population (Between 75 to 200 million people died) a. Scarcity of labor 1. Peasants died, less people to work the land, some villages, manors, and towns became deserted, never to be inhabited again.

31. I. The Black Death D. Results 1. Decline in population (Between 75 to 200 million people died) b. Towns freed from Feudal Obligations 1. The surviving peasants demanded higher wages and in some areas rebelled against king and nobility. 2. Gave the peasants land to own if they remained in village or manor.

32. I. The Black Death D. Results 1. Decline in population (Between 75 to 200 million people died) c. Decline of Church Influence 1. People’s faith in god was shaken, church lost importance in some areas.

33. I. The Black Death D. Results d. Disruption of Trade 1. Some kings banned trading between Europe and Middle East. 2. Break down in trade between towns and villages.

34. V-SHARE RENAISSANCE NOTES #1