1. Presentation subhead March 3, 2011 Criminal Justice Investigations – Unit 9

2. Seminar In this week’s seminar, we will discuss: Kentucky VS King Case What is terrorism? How to investigate terrorist activities and organizations What do to with your CJ Degree

3. Kentucky VS King Case Facts of the Case: It began when police in Lexington, Ky., were following a suspect who allegedly had sold crack cocaine to an informer and then walked into an apartment building. They did not see which apartment he entered, but when they smelled marijuana smoke come from one of the apartments, they wrongly assumed he had gone into that one. They pounded on the door and called "Police. Police. Police," and heard the sounds of people moving. At this, the officers announced they were coming in, and they broke down the door. They found Hollis King smoking marijuana, and put him under arrest. They also found powder cocaine. King was convicted of drug trafficking and sentenced to 11 years in prison.

4. Kentucky VS King Case After the conviction The Supreme Court heard an appeal from state prosecutors and reversed the ruling in Kentucky vs. King. The Supreme Court ruled that the police conduct in this case "was entirely lawful," and they were justified in breaking down the door to prevent the destruction of the evidence. A warrantless entry based on exigent circumstances is reasonable when the police did not create the exigency by engaging or threatening to engage in conduct violating the Fourth Amendment. A similar approach has been taken in other cases involving warrantless searches. For example, officers may seize evidence in plain view if they have not violated the Fourth Amendment in arriving at the spot from which the observation of the evidence is made.

5. Kentucky VS King Case The ruling was not a final loss for King. The justices said the Kentucky state court should consider again whether the police faced an emergency situation in this case. Ginsburg( The lone Supreme Court dissenter in the decision) said the court's approach "arms the police with a way routinely to dishonor the 4th Amendment's warrant requirement in drug cases." She said the police did not face a "genuine emergency" and should not have been allowed to enter the apartment without a warrant. This ruling is based on whether an emergency exists destruction of evidence) and how to prove that there was an emergency present. Do you think an emergency existed in this case? How can we make sure that only true emergencies fall under this category?

6. Terrorism Terrorism is broadly defined as the use of force or the threat of force to achieve a political end. Some crimes associated with terrorism include; –Bombing –Robbery –Murder What are some other crimes associated with terrorism?

7. Investigating Terrorist Activities and Organizations Investigators assigned to terrorist investigation must; –Have a high tolerance for stakeouts –Have a high tolerance for surveillance –Be mindful of minor details What other skills sets are necessary to be an effective terrorist investigator?

8. Investigating Terrorist Activities and Organizations When investigating terrorist activities, it is desirable to make the case before the actual crime has been committed. What charges can be brought in this type of case? What evidence is important?

9. Investigating Terrorist Activities and Organizations If a terrorist investigation takes place after a crime has been committed, an investigator must; –Immediately identify the responsible party –Look for secondary devices –Look for bobby traps What other steps must be taken?

10. What to do with your CJ Degree Decide whether you want to pursue a position in the criminal justice field as a civilian or a sworn officer Check out requirements of your choice well before you complete your degree When making your decision, be sure to take the dynamics of your family situation and your location into consideration.

11. What to do with your CJ Degree Sworn positions –Police –Corrections –Campus police –FBI –State Police –Other state and local agencies –Other federal agencies –Sky Marshall –Sheriff

12. What to do with your CJ Degree Sworn positions – before you apply –Check age requirements –Check residency requirements –Obtain a copy of your criminal history (correct errors) –Prepare for drug testing –Prepare for the psychological test –Document medical history –Start running –Check standard weight requirements for your height –Practice the PT test

13. What to do with your CJ Degree Sworn positions- after you hit the street –Keep in shape –Keep paranoia in check –You will become more cynical –Keep some civilian friends –Embrace that you will work long, erratic hours that will change without notice –Listen to veteran officers and gain knowledge from their experience –Try not to get caught up in the politics of the job –Keep your number one priority as ensuring that you and your co-workers go home safely at the conclusion of each tour –Have fun

14. What to do with your CJ Degree Civilian positions Police/Government Related –CSI –Crime analyst –Crime mapping –Grant writing –Crime statistics –Forensics –Fingerprint specialist –Computer crime –TSA –Juvenile crime –Probation

15. What to do with your CJ Degree Civilian positions Private Sector –Security –Check fraud –Computer crime –Identity theft –Grant writing –Crime analyst