2. By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

3. Timeline for Religions

4. Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents 1.Christianity: 2 billion Christianity 2.Islam: 1.3 billion Islam 3.Hinduism: 900 million Hinduism 4.Secular/Nonreligious/Agno stic/Atheist: 850 million Secular/Nonreligious/Agno stic/AtheistSecular/Nonreligious/Agno stic/Atheist 5.Buddhism: 360 million Buddhism 6.Chinese traditional religion: 225 million Chinese traditional religionChinese traditional religion 7.African Traditional & Diasporic: 95 million African Traditional & DiasporicAfrican Traditional & Diasporic 8.Sikhism: 23 million Sikhism 9.Judaism: 14 million Judaism 10.Jainism: 4 million Jainism 11.Shinto: 4 million Shinto

5. Buddhism Hinduism Islam Christianity The spread of universal religions from 300-1500 CE

7. Dar al-Islam The Expansion of Islam The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty

9. Islam  An Abrahamic Religion  Muslims are strict monotheists.  They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah.  Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God. Peoples of the Book

10. Abraham’s Genealogy ABRAHAM SARAH HAGAR Isaac Esau Jacob 12 Tribes of Israel Ishmael 12 Arabian Tribes

11. The Prophetic Tradition Adam Noah Abraham Moses Jesus Muhammad

13. The Origins of the Qur’an  Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.  622  Hijrah  Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)  God’s revelations through Muhammad were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.

14. The Qur’an  Muslims believe it contains the word of God.  114 suras (chapters).  In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful.  Written in Arabic.

16. 1. The Shahada 1 1  The testimony.  The declaration of faith: There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet]. There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet].

17. 2. The Salat 2 2  The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed  Wash before praying.  Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.

18. 2. The Salat 2 2  The call to prayer by the muezzin in the minaret.  Pray in the mosque on Friday.

20. 3. The Zakat 3 3  Almsgiving (charitable donations).  Muslims believe that all things belong to God.  Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.”  About 2.5% of your income.

21. 4. The Sawm 4 4  Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.  Considered a method of self- purification.  No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan.

22. Eid Mubarak End of the Ramadan holiday.

23. 5. The Hajj 5 5  The pilgrimage to Mecca.  Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime, if health and finances allow.  2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year.

24. 5. The Hajj 5 5  Those who complete the pilgrimage can add the title hajji to their name.

27. The Dar al-Islam 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 The World of Islam

28. The Mosque  The Muslim place of worship.

29. The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem Mount Moriah Rock where Muhammad ascended into heaven.

31. Other Islamic Religious Practices  Up to four wives allowed at once.  No alcohol or pork.  No gambling.  Sharia  body of Islamic law to regulate daily living.  Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.

32. Essential Question: Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and convert so many to the new religion?

33. The Spread of Islam  Easy to learn and practice.  No priesthood.  Teaches equality.  Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes.  Easily “portable”  nomads & trade routes.  Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

38. REVIEW FOR MCQ

39. Role of Religion SYMBOL: group identity and rallying point (like language)SYMBOL: group identity and rallying point (like language) CULTURECULTURE – transmitters and identifiers –Varies from dominating to unimportant –can influence the spread of languages to new peoples and areas (Arabic, Latin) VALUE SYSTEM:VALUE SYSTEM: –that unites and differentiates –obedience to doctrine RITUALS” when involvingRITUALS” when involving –worship and faith in the sacred and divine –prescribed patterns of behavior; prayer, special rites

40. How it spreads PilgrimsPilgrims Trade routesTrade routes Geographic conduits/crossroads/ obstaclesGeographic conduits/crossroads/ obstacles Conversion or forced acceptanceConversion or forced acceptance –Exclusive or dual acceptance Proselytizing –trying to convert someone to a religionProselytizing –trying to convert someone to a religion Mission (latin root is to send off) – duty to conduct such as HajjMission (latin root is to send off) – duty to conduct such as Hajj DiasporaDiaspora

41. Comparisons

42. Comparisons