1. Characterizing Vegetation Fire Regimes in Brazil Through Adjusted Satellite Fire Detection Data Wilfrid Schroeder, Jeffrey T.Morisette, Louis Giglio, Ivan Csiszar, Douglas Morton, Christopher Justice, João A. R. Pereira LC-23 Group Special Session : S19 Accuracy Assessment and their Implications for Fire and Deforestation Monitoring III LBA Scientific Conference Brasília, July 27-29 2004

2. Goal To understand how different satellite derived fire products describe surface conditions To address major driving elements affecting numbers To propose a method to adjust (correct) resulting numbers and possibly start data integration (multi-satellite approach)

3. Major Brazilian Biomes In absolute numbers: Floresta Amazônica, Floresta Estacional and the Cerrado account for approx 80% of Brazil and respond to 84% of the total number of hot spots detected Target-relative numbers: Approx 28% (1Million km 2 ) of Floresta Amazônica show near zero hot spot numbers (no human presence) Complexo do Pantanal and Caatinga also show large use of fire

4. Hot Spot Distribution per Biome Type Absolute NumbersAbsolute Numbers HotSpotDensityHotSpotDensity

5. Amazon States The Brazilian Amazon states respond to approx 70% of the total number of hot spots detected Different fire seasons (timing) observed within the region Intense land transformation taking place Strong correlation between fire x deforestation

6. Hot Spot Distribution over the Brazilian Amazon Absolute Numbers Hot Spot Density

7. Hot Spot Distribution over the Brazilian Amazon

8. BR163 & BR230 Fish bone deforestation pattern observed at different stages of development Maintenance x Conversion fires representing different fractions of total fires in each road section Social elements playing major role to fire numbers

9. Development Scenarios

10. Hot Spot Distribution over Road Sections MODIS/Terra AVHRR/NOAA-12 Similar fire spatial distribution Different fire numbers involved

11. Major issues affecting fire product (from Fire & Deforestation Accuracy Workshop) Satellite coverage Viewing geometry (pixel size & view angle) Fire size/temperature/duration Clouds Biome Type Diurnal cycle

12. Data Adjustment Hot Spots in Mato Grosso State Adjusted Numbers: 39.5% increase Hot Spots in Mato Grosso State Adjusted Numbers: 46.4% increase Hot Spots in Mato Grosso State Adjusted Numbers: 51.3% increase Hot Spots in Mato Grosso State Adjusted Numbers: 56.0% increase Hot Spots in Mato Grosso State Adjusted Numbers: 61.3% increase

13. Major driving elements affecting satellite derived fire numbers are due to physical, social and sensor-inherent factors Timing of peak fire season is the less affected Ranking of distinct target areas may be subjected to strong variation among satellites Major implication to public policies Non-trivial approach to combine data sets is required Potential use of adjusted numbers/multi- satellite approach reinforces the need to attack the problem Conclusion **Article submitted to LBA Special issue at Earth Interactions Journal