1. Two Front War Western FrontEastern Front

2. Characteristics of Western Front War of Attrition –Attempt to try and wear the other side down with constant attacks Trench Warfare –Fighting from trenches that face each other to protect soldiers from machine gun fire and other weaponry –Both sides dug a network of trenches from the North Sea to Switzerland Stalemate –Neither side gained territory, deadlocked at French/German border for three years

3. Fighting in the Trenches No Man’s Land –Area between opposing trenches protected by barbed wire and land mines Attacks –Soldiers charged out of trenches, across no man’s land, to enemy trenches, facing heavily artillery, machine guns, barbed wire, and land-mines –Resulted in a high casualty rate, thousands killed during each battle, most killed in “no man’s land” Conditions of Trenches –Soldiers lived in trenches for several weeks –Dealt with disease, cold, mud, rats, rain

8. New Technology Quick-firing artillery –Machine guns that fired 600 bullets per minute Poison Gas –Chlorine gas – caused blindness, choking, vomiting, torn lungs, and death –Mustard gas – most deadly, caused skin blisters, sore eyes, vomiting, internal and external bleeding, a long slow death Tank, British invention –Crossed Trenches and smashed through barbed wire clearing a path across “no man’s land” First use of airplanes in combat German U-Boats –Submarines that sank Allied trade ships

10. Characteristics of Eastern Front Fought in Russia More mobile than Western Front (ground too hard to dig trenches) Front much longer, covered more territory Battle lines moved often

11. Russian Revolution 1917, military failure, food shortages, and inflation led to riots and strikes Czar forced to step down, temporary government set up Vladimir Lenin took power –Set up a Communist government –Began peace talks with Germany –1918 peace treaty signed –Germany now focused on Western front, Allies urge US troops to mobilize fast

13. Fighting World War I

14. What does it mean to be ‘neutral’? Can you think of an example of when you were neutral? My Example: I was neutral during the Superbowl; I did not care who won.

15. America’s Path to War When WWI started in 1914, President Wilson announced a policy of Neutrality –The US did not take sides

16. British Blockade 1914, set up a naval blockade against German ships In response, German subs sank Allied ships off British coast

18. Sinking of the Lusitania 1915, German U-Boat (submarine) torpedoes British passenger ship – 1,198 people killed, 128 Americans Ship was carrying some military supplies Turned many Americans against Germany

20. Review: What are these examples of?

21. US Remains Neutral Wilson kept the US neutral –He demanded Germany halt unrestricted submarine warfare, they agreed 1916, Wilson reelected –Campaign slogan “He kept us out of the war” Feb. 1917, Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare – Wanted U.S. to get involved, beat before mobilization

22. Zimmerman Telegram Mar. 1917, Arthur Zimmerman, German foreign minister, sent a telegram to the German ambassador in Mexico directing him to propose Mexico join Germany Germany would then help Mexico regain Texas, N. Mexico, and AZ British intercepted telegram, gave it to US

24. Checking for Understanding Place list of events in the order that they happened: 1.Germany sends Zimmerman Telegram to Mexico 2.Germany sinks Allied Ships in response to British Naval Blockade 3. British set-up naval blockade against Germany 4. Germany torpedoes Lusitania **Answer: 3, 2, 4, 1

25. Declaration of War Mar. 1917, German subs sank three American ships Apr. 1917, Wilson asks Congress for a declaration of war –After debate in Congress, they vote to go to war

26. Ticket Out What 3 major events brought the U.S. into World War 1? Sentence Starter: The 3 major events were____________________________ **Hint: the declaration of war is a result of these events.

27. War on the Seas Great Britain blockaded all ports under German control to stop supplies from reaching Germany –Germany could only get goods through neutral countries Great Britain stopped ships carrying contraband (prohibited goods such as weapons and ammo) German’s use u-boats to blockade Great Britain and stop supplies from reaching allies Allies adopted a convoy system for naval protection –Heavy guard of destroyers escorted trade ships in groups

28. Heroes in their Countries Alvin York –Killed 25 Germans and captured 132 more single-handed Manfred von Richthofen (Red Baron) –Germany’s Top Flying Ace Shot down more than 80 enemy planes

29. War on the Western Front Allied victories with American troops mobilized Turning Point –Second Battle of the Marne Stopped German advance and pushed them back Allies kept pushing, Germans knew end was near Nov. 1918, Germany agreed to an armistice