1. “The War To End All Wars” 1.What war does this statement refer to? 2.When did this war happen? (approx. years) 3.What do you think this statement mean?

2. The War To End All Wars… WWI: 1914-1918

3. The long-term causes of World War I were nationalism, imperialism, militarism and the complex alliance system

4. Nationalism – a devotion (pride) to the interests and culture of one’s nation Created competition for power and resentment among countries who were being controlled

5. Imperialism – stronger countries extending political and economic control over weaker countries Provided raw materials and markets for manufactured goods

6. Militarism – development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy Each nation wanted a stronger military than a potential enemy

7. Alliance system – defense agreements Allies – France, Britain, & Russia Central Powers – Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy

11. The immediate cause of World War I was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne. The US remains NEUTRAL.

12. Aug. 3 rd, 1914 Germany invaded Belgium Germany and Austria-Hungary went to war with Britain, France and Russia By 1915 became trench warfare – fighting from fortified ditches rather than on an open battlefield

18. American neutrality –strong sentiment not to get involved in a European war (3 Years) –Why join a struggle 3,000 miles away? –The war did not threaten American lives or property

19. American Parents – did not want their sons to experience the horrors of warfare –“ I didn’t raise my boy to be a soldier, I brought him up to be my pride and joy, Who dares to place a musket on his shoulder, To shoot some other mother’s darling boy?”

20. Germany U-Boat Response –Any British or Allied ship found in waters around Britain would be sunk without warning –May 7, 1915 sank the Lusitania and killed 1,198 people (128 Americans)

21. Sinking of the Lusitania turned American public opinion against Germany 1916 re-election of Woodrow Wilson on the slogan “He kept us out of war”

22. Zimmerman Note – telegram proposing an alliance between Mexico and Germany promising support to recover lost territory in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona

23. America’s decision to enter the war was the result of continuing submarine war fare (freedom of the seas) and American ties to Great Britain President Woodrow Wilson - “make the world safe for democracy”

24. The United States in World War I… –Raising an Army – Selective Service Act required men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for service (DRAFT)

25. American impact on the war –Convoy system – cut loss of ships from German U-boats in half –Military resources of soldiers and war materials tipped the balance of war in favor of the Allies

26. New Technology changed the nature of warfare… –Machine Gun – dramatically increased fatalities on the battlefield

27. Airships and Airlines – front- mounted with machine guns for “dog fights” and used to drop bombs Antiaircraft Gun - defense against airplane attacks

28. Poison Gas – yellow-green chlorine fog sickened, suffocated, burned and blinded victims Tanks – used to “mow down” barbed wire and soldiers

29. Consequences of Modern Warfare… –Trench Warfare: lice, rats and polluted water caused infection and dysentery –Lack of sleep, constant bombardment, and battle fatigue led to “shell shock” (complete emotional collapse)

30. War Industries Board –U.S. government encouraged mass production –Increased production led to increased profits –U.S. economy INCREASED $$

31. Committee on Public Information (CPI) –Propaganda - biased communication designed to influence people’s thoughts and actions –“Four Minute Men” – gave speeches on “why we are fighting” and “the meaning of America”

36. Impact of World War I in the U.S. Growth of anti-immigrant sentiments Espionage and Sedition Acts – penalized anyone interfering with war effort or saying anything disloyal to the government

37. American Women –Moved into jobs that had been held exclusively by men –Railroad workers, cooks, dockworkers, bricklayers Women received recognition but not equality

38. Consequences of the war –Accelerate America’s emergence as the world’s greatest industrial power –Contributed to the movement of African Americans to Northern cities

39. Consequences of the war –Intensified anti-immigrant and anti- radical sentiments among mainstream Americans –Brought over one million women into the work force

40. A Peace Treaty Read the Objectives of your assigned group. Based on your objectives choose six terms from the list provided in order of importance. #1 – MOST IMPORTANT #6 – LEAST IMPORTANT YOUR WILL HAVE 20 MINUTES

41. Negotiations for Peace European Powers vs. Woodrow Wilson Negotiate a peace treaty to end World War I. You must UNANYMOUSLY decide on six terms for your treaty. The group to have ALL SIX terms in their final treaty will WIN a HOMEWORK PASS.

42. Wilson’s Fourteen Points –Principles making up President Woodrow Wilson’s plan for world peace following World War I 1.No secret treaties 2.Freedom of the seas

43. 3. Lower or abolish tariffs to foster free trade 4. Reduce weapons to lowest point 5. Colonial policies should consider the interests of the colonial people and the imperial power

44. League of Nations –Provide a forum for nations to discuss and settle their grievances without having to resort to war

45. Opposition to the League of Nations –Threatened U.S. isolationism –Wanted the constitutional right of Congress to declare war

46. Peace Conference – make Germany pay –The defeated Central Powers were NOT present –Only the Allied or The “Big Four” Wilson, Clemenceau, Lloyd George and Orlando were present

47. The Treaty of Versailles Redrew European boundaries creating 9 new nations Created a League of Nations France & England wanted to PUNISH Germany (Germany paid $33 million in reparations to the Allies)

48. War guilt clause: forcing Germany to admit sole responsibility for starting World War I

49. Impact of World War I Germany’s economy fell into recession and then depression The Germany peopled looked to a strong leader to restore their previous nationalism and economy…. Impact of World War I on the U.S?