1. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 21 Analyzing Occupations and Activity Barbara A. Boyt Schell, Glen Gillen, Marjorie E. Scaffa

2. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Learning Objectives After reading this chapter you will be able to: 1.Describe approaches to analyzing occupations and activities in occupational therapy. 2.Describe the similarities and differences between activity analysis and occupational analysis. 3.Understand how occupational performance is the result of skilled transactions between the person and the performance context. 4.Analyze occupations in order to understand performance strengths and weaknesses. 5.Analyze activity in general and as experienced by an individual.

3. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Two Perspectives on Analysis Activity The general idea about the things individuals do and the way they typically do them in a given culture Decontextualized approach, because it is an abstract idea of what the practitioner thinks typically occurs. It is not what any one particular person actually experiences Occupation The personal activities that individuals choose or need to engage in, and the ways in which each individual actually experiences them The specific details of the client’s occupations within a specific context

4. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Discussion and Examples Activity Analysis Making soup Putting a toddler to sleep Cleaning the floor Walking a dog Dancing Occupational Analysis Making soup Putting a toddler to sleep Cleaning the floor Walking a dog Dancing

5. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Environmental Contexts Arenas Describes the places in which activities occur Abstract conceptualization The general idea of where activities occur Settings Describes those aspects of the arena to which the person attends Actual experience Setting is where the occupational activity is specifically performed

6. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Discussion of Roles How individuals see themselves and the multiple aspects of a person’s life Social positions Normative models shaped by the culture Individuals within roles may adopt these normative expectations or may interpret the expectations to fit their own values and beliefs Roles may overlap Contrast: abstract notion of role and the personally experienced situation of the individual, sometimes called occupational role

7. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

8. Analysis Format Description Objects used and properties Space & social demands Sequence, timing, patterns Required skills Required body structures/functions Safety hazards Adaptability to promote participation Grading

9. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

10. Analysis of Occupational Orchestration Occupations Meaning Purpose Level of skill and efficiency Routines Organization of routines Adaptability to promote participation Needs

11. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Analysis of Personal Factors that May Support or Impede Performance: Discussion Hair care Driving Sexual activities Bill paying Making oatmeal Medication management Waiting tables

12. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Final Points Use of these analyses requires practitioners to understand the following: The general properties and demands of activities as they are customarily performed in given arenas and cultures How to select activities that are occupationally relevant to clients How to use occupations valued by clients to achieve their goals as occupational beings