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2. Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency Comparison of MLs in food and feed Relations between MLs of contaminants in feed and food Case study: Dioxins in products of an animal origin, impact of the environment 2

3. Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency Content 3 Harmonisation between MLs of contaminants in feed and food? Physiologically Based Pharmaco Kinetic (PBPK) models of food producing animals Dioxins in chicken eggs in relation to the production method 3

4. Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency MLs of dioxins MLs for foodstuffs in EC 1881/2006, e.g. dioxins in cow’s milk MLs for animal feed in EC Directive 32/2002, e.g. dioxins in feed material of plant origin 4 4

5. Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency Dioxins in feed and food (cow) 5 dioxins 5

6. Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency Dioxins in feed and food (cow) 1/2 6 6

7. Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency Dioxins in feed and food (cow) 2/2 7 7 cow’s exposure to dioxins from contaminated feed stop feeding contaminated feed level of dioxins comply to EU ML concentration in cow’s milk Elimination of dioxins ML

8. Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency PBPK model online 8 So, on can calculate levels of dioxins in cow’s milk on the basis of data in feed with (NL-demo) PBPK-computer model https://demo.carry-over.rivm.nl/ Username: carry Password: transfer

9. Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency Dioxins in feed and food (sheep) 9 dioxins 9

10. Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency Dioxins in feed and food (sheep) 10 ML of 2,5 pg dioxins (excl. dl-PCB) in milk and meat of sheep according to Regulation 1881/2006 Additional exposure of sheep to dioxins from top-soil Consequently, levels of dioxins in sheep’s milk and mutton not only pend on dioxins in animal feed but also on levels of the soil of the grazing area. They will therefore be higher than cow’s milk and beef. 10

11. Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency Laying hens in cages 11 dioxins 11

12. Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency Free range hens 12 dioxins 12

13. Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency Organic hens 13 dioxins 13

14. Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency Sources of dioxins for laying hens 14

15. Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency Dioxins in eggs: conclusion 15 Free ranging chickens are exposed to higher levels of dioxins (feed, soil, insects and worms, plants). Consequently, the eggs from free ranging laying hens will have higher levels of dioxins; lowest levels are found in eggs from laying hens in cages. Flock size also affects the levels, as smaller flocks normally spend more time outside and the individual hens are more dispersed in the field, leading to higher levels in eggs from hens in smaller flocks. Thus, highest levels of dioxins in eggs from laying hens will be found at farms with a small number of free ranging chickens -> i.e. hobby farms and rural houses with a large garden. It is estimated that in the UK there are 90,000 to 115,000 hobby farms, while the number of large farms is 15,000. FOOD SAFETY VERSUS ANIMAL WELFARE (?) 15

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