1. Wild Land Fire Ecology Kaylene Maize www.leadership.wharton.upenn.edu

2. Fire Management History  Full Fire suppression introduced after the fires of 1910  Fire was not allowed to burn, it was extinguished immediately  Today fire is seen as a natural and important role in a healthily ecosystem www.coldblast.com

3. An Ecosystem Perspective on Fire  Long-term goal: minimize destructive elements of fire while maximizing its benefits.  Prescribed fire is used to control unwanted plant species and to promote growth www.fs.fed.us

4. How to Prevent Fires!  Fuel treatment:  Isolation  Removal  Rearrangement  Fuel distribution:  Ground fuel  Areal Fuel  Surface fuel  Crown fires www.ignitethespirit.org

5. Smokey the Bear Educational programs can reduce the occurrence of unwanted fires School programs 4-H Boy Scouts/girl scouts Media announcements www.onlineusanews.com

6. Wildfire Suppression  U.S. Forest Service strategy is to “confine, contain and control.”  Fire attack  Direct- to build a control line at or close to the leading edge of a fire  Indirect- building the control line some distance from the fire’s leading edge. Use in large rapidly spreading fires www.cenvironment.blogspot.com

7. The Fire Triangle www.commons.wikimedia.org

8. Fire Behavior  Fire begins with ignition  Fuel- Moisture, continuity and arrangement  Weather- temperature, wind and relative humidity  Topography- Aspect, slope and elevation www.meted.ucar.edu

9. Fire Regime  Components:  Time:  Frequency  Seasonality  Fire:  Size  Intensity  Classes:  Understory  Stand replacement  Mixed severity  Non-Fire www. century21-condesa.com

10. Major Fuel Types Grass Shrubs Timber Slash www.listze.com www.gapphotos.com www.wallpaperpimper.com

11. Job Opportunities in Fire Ecology  Wild land Fire fighters  Smoke Jumpers  Fire engineer  Fuels management  Hot shot crews fire.lacounty.gov