1. Europe

2. Countries with Importance: GDP Switzerland Luxembourg Norway

3. Countries with Importance: Land Size Spain France Ukraine

4. Countries with Importance: Population Germany United Kingdom Italy France

5. Physical Characteristics

6. Europe is part of the large landmass known as EURASIA (Europe & Asia)

7. FJORD : a narrow valley or inlet from the sea, carved out by glaciers Found mostly on the coast of Scandinavia

9. Climate Varied climate regions range from TUNDRA to MEDITERRANEAN. Semi-Arid Mediterranean Humid Sub-Tropical Humid Continental Sub-Arctic Tundra Highland

10. Climate Effects of the NORTH ATLANTIC DRIFT and the PERVAILING WESTERLIES on Europe’s climate. (Makes Western Europe, warm & moist)

11. LOW COUNTRIES: countries located on low- lying land (below sea-level) o Netherlands o Belgium o Luxembourg

12. Peninsulas 1.Iberian (Spain & Portugal) 2.Italian (Italy) 3.Scandinavian (Norway & Sweden) 4.Jutland (Denmark) 5.Balkan (Greece)

14. Islands 1.Great Britain (United Kingdom) 2.Ireland 3.Sicily 4.Iceland

16. Mountains 1.Alps – North Italy & Switzerland 2.Pyrenees – Border of France & Spain 3.Apennines – Runs the coast of Italy

18. Alps

19. Pyrenees

20. Plains & Valleys 1.North European Plain 2.Ruhr Valley (Germany) 3.Po Valley (Italy)

21. Ruhr Valley

22. Po Valley

23. Rivers 1.Po River - Italy 2.Rhine River - Germany 3.Thames River - England 4.Seine River - France 5.Danube River – Longest in Europe 6.Volga River - Russia

24. Danube River 3/27/2006 24

25. Rhine River 3/27/2006 25

26. Seine River 3/27/2006 26

27. Volga River 3/27/2006 27

28. Seas & Oceans 1.Adriatic Sea 2.Aegean Sea 3.Black Sea 4.Mediterranean Sea 5.North Sea 6.Baltic Sea 7.Atlantic Ocean 8.Arctic Ocean 9.English Channel

29. Adriatic Aegean

31. Strait of Gibraltar

32. Economic Characteristics

33. Compare Africa and Europe Africa IndicatorEurope GDP Life Expectancy Population Growth Infant Mortality Population under 15 Literacy Rate Level of Infrastructure

34. Demographics of a Developed Economy 1.High per capita GDP 2.High life expectancy 3.Low population growth rate 4.Low infant mortality rate 5.Small percentage of people under age 15 6.High literacy rate

35. Economic Development 1.Mountain regions provide income in: 1.Tourism 2.Recreation 3.Mineral Resources

36. Economic Development 2. Development of INDUSTRIAL and TRANSPORTATION centers near mineral deposits - Ruhr Valley - Po Valley

37. Economic Development 3. RIVERS and CANALS serve as major transportation links.

38. Economic Development 4. OIL RESERVES in the North Sea

39. Pollution 1.Forests (Black Forest in Germany) 2.Cities (Venice) 3.Rivers (Rhine, Danube, Seine)

40. Black Forest (Acid Rain)

41. Venice 3/27/2006 41

42. Education 1.Well-Developed work force: - Industry & Technology Society -Banking in Switzerland 2.WELL-DEVELOPED infrastructure 3.THE CHUNNEL – Connects England and France through the English Channel.

43. The Chunnel

44. International Cooperation 1.EU: EUROPEAN UNION 2. Trade is important for interdependence 3.Large role of government in NORWAY & SWEDEN

45. Capitalism vs. Communism 1. Differences in Western and Eastern Europe industrial development because of different economic systems in prior years

46. Capitalism vs. Communism 2. Eastern Europe is replacing communism with capitalism

48. Additional Economic Features 1.The countries of Europe use advanced farming techniques which gives them high yield crops. 2.Fertile Soil and Chernozem (black earth) are also important to agriculture 3.POLDERS: Reclaimed land in the Netherlands.

49. POLDERS : areas of reclaimed land from the sea in the Netherlands and Low Countries

50. Polders

51. 3/27/2006 51

52. Cultural Characteristics

53. Cultural Heritage 1. Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution

54. Cultural Heritage 2. Many ethnic groups with different languages, religions, and customs.

57. Cultural Heritage 3. Sporadic (irregular) conflict such as war and revolution.

58. Cultural Heritage 4. Birthplace of western culture and democracy (Greece & Rome)

59. Cultural Heritage 5. Spread of European culture to many other parts of the world through EXPLORATION, COLONIZATION, and IMPERIALISM Exploration (discovery) Colonization (settlement) Imperialism (control)

61. Cultural Heritage 6. Highly urbanized 7. One of the world’s most densely populated areas.

62. Cultural Heritage 8. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) – military alliance to defend against communism

63. Cities as Centers of Trade 1.London, ENGLAND (Site where rivers narrow) 2.Paris, FRANCE (Island Site) 3.Rome, ITALY (Hilltop Site) 4.Athens, GREECE (Hilltop Site) 5.Berlin, GERMANY 6.Madrid, SPAIN 7.Warsaw, POLAND

64. London 3/27/2006 64

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66. Paris 3/27/2006 66

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68. Rome 3/27/2006 68

69. Athens 3/27/2006 69

70. Berlin 3/27/2006 70

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72. Madrid 3/27/2006 72

73. Warsaw 3/27/2006 73

74. Areas of Conflict 1.Former Yugoslavia (Balkans) – Ethnic Conflict 2.Northern Ireland – Religious Conflict (Catholics & Protestants)

77. Cultural Landscapes

78. FRANCE

79. Notre Dame: Paris 3/27/2006 79

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82. Arc de Triomphe in Paris 3/27/2006 82

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84. Louvre: Paris 3/27/2006 84

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87. Eiffel Tower – Paris 3/27/2006 87

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89. GREECE

90. 3/27/2006 90 In Greece Parthenon

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94. NETHERLANDS

95. Windmills: Netherlands 3/27/2006 95

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97. ENGLAND

98. Westminster Abbey: England 3/27/2006 98

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101. Big Ben: England 3/27/2006 101

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104. ITALY

105. Colosseum: Italy 3/27/2006 105

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108. Leaning Tower of Pisa: Italy 3/27/2006 108

109. St. Peter’s Basilica Vatican City, in Rome, Italy 3/27/2006 109

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