1. Chapter 7
Ethnicity
Ethnicity Key Issue 2: Key Issue 2: Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into Nationalities?

2. Agenda Topic: Chapter 7: Ethnicity Warm Up: Group Activity
PPT Lecture…note taking
Group Activity: Venn Diagram
Videos (Nationalism/United Kingdom)
Quiz/ wrap up

3. Warm Up
Directions:
On a sheet of paper, list 5 or more things that make you proud to be an American.
Compare your list with your neighbor and determine which things you both share in common.
Be prepared to share with the class.

4. Group Activity Directions
In groups of 4, read the paper, “Defining an Independent Country.”
As a group, answer the 4x questions on the back of the sheet.
Be prepared to share your answers with the class.

5. Nation-States
The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves is known as self-determination.
A nation-state controls territory corresponding to a particular ethnicity.
Despite continuing attempts, the territory of a state rarely corresponds precisely to the territory occupied by an ethnicity.

6. Nation-States in Europe
Most of Western Europe was made up of nation-states by 1900.
The fall of the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires established multiple nation-states.
During the 1930s, German National Socialists (Nazis) claimed that all German-speaking parts of Europe constituted one nationality and should be unified into one state.
Other European powers did not attempt to stop the Germans from taking over Austria and the German-speaking portion of Czechoslovakia.

7. Nation States of Europe in 1900

8. German Speaking parts of Europe
Mein!

9. Play Video
Crash Course: Nationalism

10. Nationalism
Nationalism typically promotes a sense of national consciousness that exalts one nation above all others.
For many states, mass media are the most effective means of fostering nationalism.
Consequently, only a few states permit mass media to operate without government interference.

11. Nationalism

12. Nationalism’s Negatives
The sense of unity within a nation-state is sometimes achieved through the creation of negative images of other nation-states.
Nationalism is an important example of a centripetal force, which is an attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state.
It is the opposite of centrifugal, which means to spread out from the center or divide.

13. Compare/Contrast Chart Activity
Directions: In groups of 3-4, list those things that unify or separate the 3 groups below
in America (i.e. what they cherish in common as Americans, and what they don’t).
10 mins.
Whites
Hispanics
African Americans
Both
Both
All
Both

14. Agenda_Fri, 29 April Topic: Chapter 7: Ethnicity: Issues 2 & 3
Anticipatory Set: Video on United Kingdom
PPT Lecture…note taking
Quiz/ wrap up (Issue: 2)
Issue: 3
Group Activity: Research Ethnicities at war (15 mins)
Wrap Up

15. Play Video
The Difference between the United Kingdom, Great Britain and England Explained

16. Multinational States
In some multi-ethnic states, ethnicities all contribute cultural features to the formation of a single nationality.
Belgium is divided among the Dutch-speaking Flemish and the French-speaking Walloons.
Both groups consider themselves belonging to the Belgian nationality.
One example of a multinational state is the United Kingdom, which contains four main nationalities—England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
Today the four nationalities hold little independent political power, although Scotland and Wales now have separately elected governments.

17. Multinational States

18. Ethnicities in the Caucasus
The Caucasus region is extremely diverse ethnically. Ethnic groups are spread across several national boundaries.

19. Ethnicities in the Caucasus

20. Armenians
After World War I the allies created an independent state of Armenia, but it was soon swallowed by its neighbors.
Turkey and the Soviet Union divided Armenia.
The Soviet portion became an independent country in 1991.
More than 90 percent of the population in Armenia are Armenians, making it the most ethnically homogeneous country in the region.
Armenians and Azeris have been at war with each other since 1988 over the boundaries between the two nationalities.

21. Exit Ticket Questions
The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves is known as
Self-actuation
self-determination.
Autonomy governing
Independence
One example of a multinational state is the United Kingdom, which contains four main nationalities—England, ________, _______, and Northern Ireland.
Scotland, Wales
Northumbria, Celtland
Sheffield, Normandy
Saxony, Northumbria

22. Exit Ticket Questions, Cont.
Which German political entity in the 1930s, claimed that all German-speaking parts of Europe constituted one nationality and should be unified into one state?
German Aryan Brotherhood
German Communist Socialists (Nazis)
German National Socialists (Nazis)
Bolshevist National Party
Nationalism is an important example of a _______________, which is an attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state.
Centripetal force
Centrifugal force
Race Bonding
Nationalist mood

23. Exit Ticket Questions, Cont.
What is the percentage number Armenians in the country of Armenia, which makes it the most ethnically homogeneous country in the region?
60%
70%
80%
90%

24. Ethnicity Ethnicity Key Issue 3: Key Issue 3: Clashes of Ethnicities
Chapter 7
Ethnicity
Ethnicity Key Issue 3: Key Issue 3: Clashes of Ethnicities

25. Group Activity
Directions:
In groups of 3-4, use your electronic devices to research modern ethnicities at conflict with each other…be sure to list the following in a chart (see below):
At least 3 different conflicts among ethnic groups
List names and locations of ethnic groups
Reasons for hostilities
Be prepared to share with the class.
Time: No more than 15 minutes
Conflicting Ethnic Groups
Location of Conflict
Reasons for Conflict
Names of Ethnic Groups 1
Country or Region
E.g. Territorial Dispute, etc.
Names of Ethnic Groups 2
Names of Ethnic Groups 3

26. Agenda (Fri, 6 May) Video: Ethiopia And Eritrea Conflict
Group Activity: Article on Borneo Conflict
PPT Lecture (Issue 3)…note taking
Group Activity: Venn Diagram
Exit Ticket Questions

27. Play Video Why Do Ethiopia And Eritrea Hate Each Other?

28. Group Activity Article: “Hundreds Dead in Borneo's Ethnic Conflict”
Directions: (TEK 18B) In groups of 3-4, read the article and answer the five questions on back of the sheet…12 mins.

29. Ethiopia and Eritrea Eritrea and Ethiopia were controlled by Italy.
After World War II, Ethiopia regained its independence, and the United Nations awarded Eritrea to Ethiopia.
Ethiopia dissolved the Eritrean legislature and banned the use of Tigrinya, Eritrea’s major local language.
In 1991 Eritrean rebels defeated the Ethiopian army, and in 1993 Eritrea became an independent state.
But war between Ethiopia and Eritrea flared up again in 1998 because of disputes over the location of the border.
Ethiopia defeated Eritrea in 2000 and took possession of the disputed areas.

30. Ethiopia and Eritrea

31. Sudan
In Sudan a civil war has raged since the 1980s between two ethnicities, the black Christian and animist rebels in the southern provinces against the Arab Muslim-dominated government forces in the north.
The black southerners have been resisting government attempts to convert the country from a multi-ethnic society to one nationality tied to Muslim traditions.

32. Sudan

33. Somalia Somalia contains six major ethnic groups known as clans.
With the collapse of a national government in Somalia, various clans and sub-clans claimed control over portions of the country.
In 1992, after an estimated 300,000 people died from famine and from warfare between clans, the United States sent several thousand troops to Somalia to protect delivery of food and to reduce the number of weapons in the hands of the clan and sub-clan armies.
After peace talks among the clans collapsed in 1994, U.S. troops withdrew.

34. Somalia

35. Ethnicities in Lebanon
Current estimate is about 60 percent Muslim, 30 percent Christian, and 10 percent other.
About 7 percent of the population is Druze.
The Druze religion combines elements of Islam and Christianity.
When Lebanon became independent in 1943, the constitution required that each religion be represented in the Chamber of Deputies according to its percentage in the 1932 census.

36. Ethnicities in Lebanon
The Druze religion has its roots in Ismailism, a religio-philosophical movement which founded the Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt in the tenth century. During the reign of al-Hakim ( ) the Druze creed came into being, blending Islamic monotheism with Greek philosophy and Hindu influences. Active proselytizing of the new creed was brief; since about 1050 the community has been closed to outsiders.

37. Lebanon’s Civil War
When the governmental system was created, Christians constituted a majority and controlled the country’s main businesses, but as the Muslims became the majority, they demanded political and economic equality.
A civil war broke out in 1975, and each religious group formed a private army or militia to guard its territory.
Syria, Israel, and the United States sent troops into Lebanon at various points to try to restore peace.

38. Home Work: Compare/Contrast Chart Activity
Directions: (TEK 22A) In groups of 3-4, list those things that the following three ethnic
groups have in common, and those things that they don’t)…Research using Internet.
Christians
Druze
Muslims
Both
Both
All
Both

39. Exit Ticket Questions
After which war did Ethiopia regain its independence, and was awarded Eritrea by the United Nations?
WW I
WW III
Korean War
Vietnam War
In which African country has a civil war raged since the 1980s between two ethnicities, the black Christian and animist rebels in the southern provinces against the Arab Muslim-dominated government forces in the north?
Ethiopia
Eritrea
Sudan
Somalia

40. Exit Ticket Questions, Cont.
Somalia contains six major ethnic groups known as what?
Tribes
Faction
Gang
Clans
When Lebanon became independent in 1943, the constitution required that each ___________ be represented in the Chamber of Deputies according to its percentage in the 1932 census.
Ethnic groups
Religion
Ethnic group leader
Race

41. Destruction of Multi-Ethnic Yugoslavia
Rivalries among ethnicities resurfaced in Yugoslavia during the 1980s, leading to the breakup of the country in the early 1990s.
When Yugoslavia’s republics were transformed from local government units into five separate countries, ethnicities fought to redefine the boundaries.

42. Play Video Why Do Croatia & Serbia Hate Each Other?
Why Do Serbia and Albania Hate Each Other?

43. Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia
Rather than live in an independent multi-ethnic country with a Muslim plurality, Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Serbs and Croats fought to unite the portions of the republic that they inhabited with Serbia and Croatia, respectively.
Ethnic cleansing by Bosnian Serbs against Bosnian Muslims was especially severe, because much of the territory inhabited by Bosnian Serbs was separated from Serbia by areas with Bosnian Muslim majorities.
Accords reached in Dayton, Ohio, in 1996 divided Bosnia and Herzegovina into three regions, one each dominated by the Bosnian Croats, Muslims, and Serbs.
Bosnian Muslims, 44 percent of the population before the ethnic cleansing, got 27 percent of the land.

44. Balkanization
A century ago, the term Balkanized was widely used to describe a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other.
Throughout the 20th century, millions of people were rounded up and killed or forced to migrate.
Ethnic homogeneity may be the price of peace in areas that once were multi-ethnic.