1. UNIT 2 –EVOLUTION AND ECOLOGY GRUDGEBALL

2. QUESTION 1  What is the study of the interactions between living organisms and their surroundings? ANSWER: Ecology

3. QUESTION 2  What level of ecological organization is represented by one individual living thing? ANSWER: Organism

4. QUESTION 3  What level of ecological organization is represented by all populations living and interacting in one area? ANSWER: Community

5. QUESTION 4  What level of ecological organization is represented by all members of one species living in the same area? ANSWER: Population

6. QUESTION 5  What level of ecological organization is represented by the part of the Earth that supports life? ANSWER: Biosphere

7. QUESTION 6  What level of ecological organization is represented by the biological community plus the physical (non-living) environment? ANSWER: Ecosystem

8. QUESTION 7  Each organism has a particular type of environment where it can survive. This is called its _____________. ANSWER: Habitat

9. QUESTION 8  What letter(s) represent the optimal range of a species? ANSWER: C AB C D E

10. QUESTION 9  A snake producing venom to aid in its ability to catch prey is an example of a _____________ adaptation. ANSWER: physiologic

11. QUESTION 10  If an individual of a species of bird has an advantageous mutation, what will happen to that mutation? ANSWER: it will be passed on to future generations and become more apparent

12. QUESTION 11  What zone are the letters B and D representing? ANSWER: zone of physiologic stress AB C D E

13. QUESTION 12  A whale has a powerful tail that allows it to swim effectively through the water. This is an example of a __________ adaptation. ANSWER: physical

14. QUESTION 13  Letters A and E are representing what zone? ANSWER: zone of intolerance AB C D E

15. QUESTION 14  A herd of antelope stay in groups to increase the likelihood of at least one sensing danger when it arises. This is an example of a ____________ adaptation. ANSWER: Behavioral

16. QUESTION 15  In a population of birds, one bird has a mutation that increases its beak size which increases its ability to obtain a food source. What the the population start to look like over time? ANSWER: More individuals will have a larger beak size

17. QUESTION 16  A population of a species of lizard gets separated. One part of the population stays the same and the other part evolves different coloration due to the surroundings. This is an example of _____________ speciation. ANSWER: Divergent

18. QUESTION 17  What letter is representing a deceased population because of too high of a critical factor? ANSWER: E AB C D E

19. QUESTION 18  A bat, bird and dinosaur are very different animals, but have similar adaptations. This is an example of ___________ speciation. ANSWER: Convergent

20. QUESTION 19  How is artificial selection different from natural selection? Artificial is done by humans selecting traits and natural is nature selecting traits

21. QUESTION 20  What is the scientific name of this species? Make sure to write it correctly. ANSWER: Desmodus rotundus Common Vampire Bat KingdomAnimalia PhylumChordata ClassMammalia OrderChiroptera FamilyPhyllostomidae GenusDesmodus Speciesrotundus

22. QUESTION 21  What type of population growth takes the shape of an “S” and slows as it reaches carrying capacity? ANSWER: Logistic growth

23. QUESTION 22  Which pattern of population growth takes the shape of a “J” and exceeds the carrying capacity causing a population crash? ANSWER: exponential

24. QUESTION 23  Give an example of a density dependent limiting factor. ANSWER: competition (food, water, shelter, mates), predation

25. QUESTION 24  Give an example of a density independent factor. ANSWER: natural disasters, human actions

26. QUESTION25  What is the carrying capacity of this ecosystem? ANSWER: about 1.6 million

27. QUESTION 26  Where is the first dieback and overshoot of this population on the graph? ANSWER: B=overshoot, C=dieback A BC D E

28. QUESTION 27  Tape worms lodge themselves onto the intestines of animals and absorb the nutrients and causes the animal to become malnourished. This is an example of ______________. ANSWER: parasitism

29. QUESTION 28  Bald eagles compete with one another for space to build their nests. This is an example of ______________ competition. Answer: intraspecific

30. QUESTION 29  A bird eat locusts and helps control their population. This is an example of a __________________ relationship. ANSWER: predator-prey

31. QUESTION 30  Two different species of plants compete for resources in the same area. This is an example of _____________ competition. ANSWER: interspecific

32. QUESTION 31  As bison walk through grass, insects are disturbed and fly away. They are eaten by cowbirds. This is an example of ___________. ANSWER: commensalism