1. Bone Physiology: Part 1

2. Skeletal System --Includes the bones, joints, ligaments and cartilage --Provides support and protects the body -- 206 bones in the adult human skeleton

3. Axial and Appendicular Skeleton Axial skeleton – Bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body – Skull, Ribcage, Spine Appendicular Skeleton – Bones of the limbs and girdles – Shoulders, arms, Pelvis and legs

4. Spongy Bone and Compact Bone Spongy Bone – Very porous and contains many blood vessels Found at the end of long bones Found at the end of long bones Compact Bone – Dense bone that looks smooth and homogeneous Makes up the main body of long bones Makes up the main body of long bones

5. Five Functions of Bones 1) Support – Bones form the internal framework that supports and anchors all soft tissue 2) Protection – Protect the organs i.e. skull 3) Movement – Muscles are attached to and manipulate bones 4) Storage – Storage of fat, calcium, phosphorous and other minerals 5) Hematopoiesis – Blood cell production occurs in the bone marrow

6. Classification of Bone Long Bones 1) Longer than they are wide 2) Have a long piece with larger heads at each end 3) Made mostly of compact bone, except for the heads 4) All bones of the limbs, except the ankles and the wrists

7. Classification of Bone (Cont.) Short Bones 1) Cube shaped 2) Contain mostly spongy bone 3) Wrist, ankle, and patella Sesamoid Bone – A bone that forms within tendons (Kneecap) Sesamoid Bone – A bone that forms within tendons (Kneecap)

8. Classification of Bone (Cont.) Flat Bone 1) Thin, flattened and curved 2) Composed of spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone 3) Bones of the skull, ribs, and sternum