1. 9-1 Notes - The Musculoskeletal System Chapter 9, Lesson 1

2. The Skeletal System The skeletal system provides support, protection, and movement

3. The Skeletal System Bones are hard tissue made mostly of cells, collagen, and calcium.

4. The Skeletal System About 206 bones total

5. Functions of the Skeletal System Bones protect the soft tissue of the brain, spinal cord, and organs.

6. Functions of the Skeletal System Bones provide attachment points for muscles.

7. Functions of the Skeletal System They store calcium and phosphorous for later use.

8. Functions of the Skeletal System Blood cells are formed in the bone marrow in the middle of some bones.

9. Joints Our bodies are flexible because bones connect at joints with tissue called a ligament.

10. Joints Cartilage is a strong yet flexible & elastic tissue that reduces friction & increases flexibility.

11. Joints As an infant, much of your skeleton was cartilage.

12. Joints Hinge Joint – allows bones to move back and forth Examples – fingers, elbows, knees

13. Joints Saddle Joint – allows bones to move back and forth, and side to side, but have limited rotational ability Example – thumbs

14. Joints Ball-and-Socket Joint – allows bones to move and rotate in nearly all directions Examples – hips and shoulders

15. Joints Pivot Joint – allows bones to rotate Example – neck

16. Joints Gliding Joint – allows bones to move side to side, or front to back Examples – ankles and wrists

17. Joints Immovable Joint – allows very little or no movement Example – skull

18. Take Care of Your Bones A balanced diet and exercise is necessary. Eat foods rich in calcium.

19. Take Care of Your Bones As you age, bones lose minerals which can lead to osteoporosis (bones become weak and break easily).

20. The Muscular System Muscle is tissue made of long cells called “muscle fibers” that contract.

21. The Muscular System Small tubes in the cells contain muscle filaments.

22. The Muscular System Muscle filaments move closer to each other during muscle contraction, and move away during muscle relaxation.

23. The Muscular System

24. Types of Muscles Muscles are voluntary or involuntary. You can consciously control voluntary muscles (arm, leg).

25. Types of Muscles You don’t consciously control involuntary muscles (digestion, breathing, heart beating).

26. Types of Muscles The three types of muscle tissue are: 1.Skeletal (attached to your bones) 2.Cardiac (only in your heart) 3.Smooth (in digestive system and blood vessels)

27. Types of Muscles

28. How Do You Move? The skeleton provides support for muscles. A muscle usually connects to at least two different bones. Tendons connect bones to muscles and do not stretch as much as ligaments.

29. Opposing Muscle Groups Flexion is the bending of a limb that decreases the angle between the bones of the limb.

30. Opposing Muscle Groups Extension is the straightening of a limb that increases the angle between the bones of the limb.

31. Opposing Muscle Groups

32. 1. Which of the following does not make up bone tissue? Acalcium Bcells Csmooth tissue Dcollagen 9.1 The Musculoskeletal System 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D

33. 2. What is the term for the location where bones connect? Ajoints Btendons Cligaments Dcartilage 9.1 The Musculoskeletal System 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D

34. 3. What does the slight contraction of triceps contribute to the contraction of the biceps during flexion? Aadds strength to the motion Bkeeps the bicep from contracting too much Ckeeps the elbow in its proper place Dmakes the motion smooth and controlled 9.1 The Musculoskeletal System 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D

35. 4. What reduces friction between bones? Acartilage Bligaments Ctendons Djoints

36. 5. What type of muscle tissue can be found in your internal organs, such as your stomach? Avoluntary Bcardiac Cskeletal Dsmooth 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D

37. 6. What movement decreases the angle between the bones of a limb? Aextension Bcontraction Cflexion Drelaxation 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D

38. 7. What is the term for the movement in which all the muscle filaments move away from each other? Acontraction Bflexion Cextension Drelaxation SCI 5.c 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D

39. 8. Which joints allow the greatest range of motion? Ahinge joint Bball-and-socket joint Cpivot joint Dgliding joint SCI 6.h 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D

40. 9. Where can you find a pivot joint? Ashoulder Bthumb Cwrist Dneck SCI 6.h 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D