2. Порядок слов в предложении Подлежащее Дополнения Обстоятельства Сказуемое Прямое Предложное Косвенное Места Времени

3. Система времен английских глаголов PastPresentFuture ПрошедшееНастоящееБудущее Future in the Past

4. Таблица времен глагола

5. Types of banks Commercial banks are the most important banks. They offer many services, different forms of accounts and also loans. While, at first, commercial banks only offered its services to businesses and companies, they are for everyone today. Investment banks do not take or keep the money of individuals. They help organizations and large companies raise money on the international financial markets.

6. Central banks manage the banking system in a country. The Federal Reserve in the United States and Bank of England are two prominent banks that take over these tasks. The European Central Bank is responsible for the circulation of money in the Euro zone. Online banks can often give their customers more interest because they do not have the expenses that physical banks do. They can be accessed over the internet and are becoming more and more popular.

7. Savings and loans are banks that specialize in financing houses. Although interest rates are higher such banks offer up to 30-year mortgages. Customers pay back their loan through a monthly payment that they can afford. Development banks are financial organizations that help Third World Countries. They provide money for nations in Africa, Asia and South America and offer technical help. The World Bank has imposed the structural adjustment programs on indebted countries in the Third World. These programs impose conditions for deregulating the economy, increasing access for foreign investors, cutting state spending and increasing dependence on exports of commodities.

8. Оборот There is There is a mistake in this text - В этом тексте есть (имеется) ошибка. There are trees in his garden - В его саду есть (имеются) деревья. There is an interesting story in the book - В книге есть интересный рассказ. There is a monument near my house - Возле моего дома есть памятник. There was a restaurant in this area - В этом районе был ресторан. There were fifteen chairs in that room - В той комнате было пятнадцать стульев. There was an airport and two railway stations in our city - В нашем городе был аэропорт и два вокзала.

9. There will be three referees in the championship - На чемпионате будет три судьи. There will be a new fountain here - Здесь будет новый фонтан. Will there be your friends there? - Там будут ваши друзья? Will there be a manager at the meeting? - Менеджер будет на собрании? How many students are there in the auditorium? - Сколько студентов в аудитории? How much water is there in the swimming pool? - Сколько воды в бассейне? There was not a manual in the box - В коробке не было руководства. There were not cars in the tunnel - В тоннеле не было машин.

10. ЗалогФорма причастия Одновременные действияАктивный залог Причастие настоящего времени (-ing форма) Пассивный залог Причастие прошедшего времени (третья форма глагола) Последовательные действия Активный залог Перфектное причастие (having + третья форма глагола) Пассивный залогПерфектное причастие (having been + третья форма глагола) Причастные обороты в английском языке

11. В Participle Clause нет подлежащего. Подлежащее главного предложения также является подлежащим Participle Clause; полная форма глагола заменяется причастием. При этом нужно уделять особое внимание тому, когда происходит действие в предложении — в то же время, что и в главном или перед ним, а также на залог глагола – активный или пассивный. Holding his hand, she led him through the crowd. Держа его за руку, она провела его сквозь толпу. Seeing her on the other side of the road, I quickly tried to hide. Увидев её через дорогу, я сразу скрылся. Turning on his computer, he started work. Включив компьютер, он начал работу. Being happy with my results, I decided to go out and celebrate. Счастливый от результатов, я решил погулять и отметить это.

12. Having washed the dishes, she noticed two dirty ones. Having heard this story before, she did not want to listen. Having been given the second chance twice, he could not fail. While crossing the street, he heard somebody call out to him Переходя улицу, он услышал, как кто-то позвал его. Knowing the subject well, the student was not afraid of the coming exam Зная предмет хорошо, студент не боялся предстоящего экзамена. Having a lot of time before the beginning of the performance, they decided to walk to the theatre. Имея много свободного времени до начала представления, они решили пойти в театр пешком. Not knowing the language, he could not understand the conversation. Не зная языка, он не мог понять беседы.

13. APPLIED FIELDS OF ECONOMICS There is a basic theory and facts in economics, in which all economists are interested. However, economics has some main applied fields that deal with specific topics, such as industrial economics, agricultural economics, economics of energy, economics of education, labour economics, etc. Industrial organization and structure are studied by industrial economics which also analyzes markets for manufactured goods as well as policies of various enterprises. The degree of concentration and barriers against new competitors in the market have already been analyzed by industrial economics for such important branches of economy as mining, gas, and oil industries, etc. The behaviour of firms and companies in an industry is influenced by the structure of the industry. Both profits and losses in any industry are affected by the behaviour of firms and companies engaged in the industry.

14. The economics of energy is known as another important field of applied economics closely connected with industrial economics. A lot of energy has been used by the modern economy in recent decades. Farms, factories, plants, transportation as well as families have greatly increased the consumption of various sources of energy since new modern equipment and technologies were introduced.