1. TRADE UNIONS

2. DEFINITION
Trade unions are organisations that represent people at work. Their purpose is to protect and improve people's pay and conditions of employment. They also campaign for laws and policies which will benefit working people.

3. What Do Unions Do?
The main service a union provides for its members is negotiation and representation. There are other benefits people get from being members of trade unions.
Negotiation
Representation
Information and advice
Member services

4. How Are Trade Unions Financed?
Each trade union member pays a subscription
People pay their subscription fees in different ways
It may be collected by direct debit from your bank account
deducted directly from your wages
paid in cash or by cheque to your union representative or full time official

5. TYPES OF TRADE UNION TYPES DESCRIPTION/EXAMPLE CRAFT INDUSTRIAL
GENERAL
WHITE- COLLAR
To represent skilled workers e.g. Musicians Union(MU)
To represent the members of one particular industry e.g. Fire Brigades Union (FBU)
Unions which recruit workers from all types of industries and with any level or range of skills e.g. Amicus – the Manufacturing Science and Finance Union (MSF)
Represent office workers e.g. National Union of Doctors (NOD)

6. REASONS TO JOIN A TRADE UNION
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
LARGER VOICE
CAMPAIGN FOR WORKER RIGHTS
IMPROVE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN WORKER AND MANAGEMENT
ISSUES
RANGE OF ISSUES COVERED- FARMING, TRADING, MANUFACTURING…
HELP CHANGE GOVERNMENT POLICY
MEMBERS
JOB SATISFACTION
IMPROVED BENEFITS FOR NON-WORKING MEMBERS- RETRENCHED, SICK, RETIRED

7. CLOSED SHOP
A shop in which persons are required to join a particular union as a precondition to employment and to remain union members for the duration of their employment.

8. SINGLE-UNION AGREEMENTS
An agreement between an employer and a union such that the union will represent all the workers at a particular workplace.

9. ADVANTAGES One union- discussions clear Better working relationship
To employees
To employer
One union- discussions clear
Employees together- greater power
No disagreement- one union
Better working relationship
Disputes solved quickly
One union- discussions clear
Better working relationship
Easier to agree to changes
Disputes solved quickly

10. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
Collective bargaining is a type of negotiation used by employees to work with their employers. Bargaining can take place at local or national level PROBLEMS DISCUSS NEGOTIATE

11. REASONS TO INCREASE WAGES
PRODUCTIVITY INFLATION PAY DIFFERENTIALS CHANGE IN WORKPLACE =
WAGES

12. Scenario
In groups of up to four discuss and make notes on the benefits of being in a union for the following jobs:-
Teacher
Mechanic
Shelf stacker at Tesco
Nurse
Fire fighter
Train driver

13. INDUSTRIAL ACTION

14. INDUSTRIAL ACTION
Refers collectively to any measure taken by trade unions or other organised labour meant to reduce productivity in a workplace.
Quite often it is used and interpreted, mistakenly, as a euphemism for strike, but the scope is much wider.
Industrial action may take place in the context of a labour dispute or may be meant to effect political or social change.

15. TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL ACTION
Specifically industrial action may include one or more of the following:
Strike
Work-to-rule
Non-cooperation
Slowdown (or Go-slow)
Overtime ban
Picketing

16. STRIKES Workers select a day(s) on which they will not come into work.
Workers maybe paid out of trade union’s strike fund
In case of an unofficial/ wild-cat strike, workers are not paid

17. WORK TO RULE
Workers do not carry out duties that are not in their employment contract. 
Carry out management's orders to the letter
Workers observing safety laws to the letter, when they are normally disregarded.
Working to rule does not mean that workers are working in breach of their contract
They carry out tasks exactly as their contracts state.
This has the implication that tasks are carried out inefficiently.
For example if train drivers were to work to rule, trains would be late arriving or even cancelled.  Drivers may delay trains by refusing to take trains out until rigorous safety checks have been carried out.

18. NON-COOPERATION
Workers refuse to do anything to do with new working practices that they do not approve of.

19. GO- SLOW
Employees deliberately attempt to slow down production, whilst still working within the terms of their contract.

20. OVERTIME BAN
Limits the working hours to the agreed contract of employment for normal hours.
Used by unions to demonstrate that workers are prepared to take further collective actions if their demands are not met. 
Results in lost wages. 
Can lead to a decrease in costs for the business and fall in the production.
Effective where production takes place overnight, e.g., coal mines, large production lines.

21. PICKETING
Primary Picketing is legal.  This involves members of a union on strike standing outside a firms entrance trying to persuade other workers not to cross it. 
Secondary Picketing is not legal.  This involves workers who are on strike from one firm trying to dissuade workers at a firm not involved with the strike from going to work.  Secondary picketing is resorted to by workers to try and spread the impact of their action.

22. Task
As a student at CCS do you think you should be able to be part of a Union? Why/why not?
What type of issues would you be going to the union to discuss?
What outcome would you be hoping for?
If you had a choice of industrial action that you could take as a student at CCS what would it be and why?
What would persuade you to cease this industrial action?

23. Conflict in business organisation

24. WHY DOES IT HAPPENS? Less efficiency High levels of absenteeism
High labour turnover (% of employees leaving in a year)
INCREASED Customer complaints
FORMAL GRIEVANCE AND DISPUTE PROCEDURES SHOULD BE ADOPTED TO AVOID CONFLICTS

25. SOURCES OF CONFLICT
Poor wages (differs from one country to the other), working & employment conditions.
Rigid management/ authoritarian
Rapid change/ poorly planned change.
Lack of involvement in decision making.
Decline in market share.

26. CONSULTATION Differs from collective bargaining or negotiation
Views of employees are asked regarding decisions that will affect them.
The problem areas are discussed and a conclusion is arrived at.
Worker’s word is not taken, but considered.

27. MAJOR UK ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

28. MAJOR UK ORGANISATIONS: INDUSTRIAL RALTIONS
TRADES UNION CONGRESS
CONFEDERATION OF BRITISH INDUSTRY
ADVISORY, CONCILIATION AND ARBITRATION SERVICE

29. TRADES UNION CONGRESS
The TUC is the voice of Britain at work. With 58 affiliated unions representing 6.2 million working people from all walks of life. Campaign for a fair deal at work and for social justice at home and abroad. They negotiate in Europe, and at home build links with political parties, business, local communities and wider society.

30. TRADES UNION CONGRESS….AIMS
ACT AS A PRESSURE GROUP
REPRESENT TRADE UNION VIEWS IN GENERAL
INFLUENCE EMPLOYERS ASSOCIATIONS
INFLUENCE GOVERNMENT POLICIES

31. CONFEDERATION OF BRITISH INDUSTRY
Premier lobbying organisation for UK business on national and international issues. The Confederation of British Industry's mission is to help create and sustain the conditions in which businesses in the United Kingdom can compete and prosper for the benefit of all.

32. ADVISORY, CONCILIATION AND ARBITRATION SERVICE
ACAS aims to improve organisations and working life through better employment relations, by supplying
up-to-date information
independent advice
high quality training
working with employers and employees to solve problems & improve performance.

33. SERVICES PROVIDED BY ACAS
ADVICE AND INFORMATION: TO EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYEES ON ALL AREAS OF EMPLOYMENT
CONCILIATION: TALK TO BOTH SIDES AND SETTLES DISPUTES AMICABLY.
ARBITRATION: IF A SITUATION HAS REACHED A ‘DEAD LOCK’, ACAS ARRANGES FOR AN INDEPENDENT GROUP TO LISTEN TO BOTH SIDES AN ARRIVE AT A FAIR SETTLEMENT.

34. ACTIVITY AS A GROUP, MAKE YOUR OWN TRADE UNION…. SUGGEST A NAME
ELECT THE MEMBERS, SUBSCRIPTION FEES & OTHER DETAILS (w.r.t TRADE UNION)
THE ISSUES PERTAINING TO AN ORGANISATION
HOW ARE YOU GOING TO ADDRESS THEM
TYPE OF INDUSTRIAL ACTION YOU MIGHT TAKE IF THE ISSUES ARE NOT ADDRESSED AND WHY?

35. Role Play
Divide your group up to take on different roles (employees, employers, trade union and ACAS)
Discuss the scenario and come up with an amicable solution which satisfies all parties.