1. SOLAR COSMIC RAYS AND OZONE LAYER OF THE EARTH (3D modeling) M27 Alexei Krivolutsky 1, Georgy Zakharov 1, Tatyana Vyushkova 1, Alexander Kuminov 1, and Irina Myagkova 2 1 Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia 2 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia

2. GENERAL 1)SPEs cause strong enhancement of the ionization in the polar atmosphere. It gives additional molecules of NO and OH, which destroy ozone. 2)Last 23 rd cycle of solar activity produced several strong SPE in 2000, 2001 and 2003. 3)3D global models were used to study the response in composition and dynamics.

3. N and OH production caused by cosmic rays in the Earth’s atmosphere (Jackman et al., 1976; Heaps, 1978 )

4. Daily values of density of the solar proton energy flux in 1 - 100 MeV range in the years 1994 – 2003 Daily values of density of the solar proton energy flux in 1 - 100 MeV range in the years 1994 – 2003

5. Major SPEs of 23 rd Solar Cycle - 14 July 2000 - 04 November 2001 - 28 October 2003

6. Ionization rates (pairs of ions per m 3 per second) at 70  N caused by protons from solar flare at 10:24 UT of July 14, 2000 (calculations) Ionization rates (pairs of ions per m 3 per second) at 70  N caused by protons from solar flare at 10:24 UT of July 14, 2000 (calculations)

7. Ionization rates (m -3 s -1 ) in middle polar atmosphere (70  N) caused by protons from solar flare at 1110 UT of October 28, 2003 Ionization rates (m -3 s -1 ) in middle polar atmosphere (70  N) caused by protons from solar flare at 1110 UT of October 28, 2003

8. Ozone change (%) after SPE 14 July, 2000 at 65N (3D model simulations) Ozone change (%) after SPE 14 July, 2000 at 65N (3D model simulations)

9. O 3 response (%) to SPE of July 14, 2000 at 68  N revealed by the data from UARS (HALOE instrument) O 3 response (%) to SPE of July 14, 2000 at 68  N revealed by the data from UARS (HALOE instrument)

10. SPE influence on latitudinal zonal wind [m/s] structure, July 18 (3D model runs) SPE influence on latitudinal zonal wind [m/s] structure, July 18 (3D model runs)

11. SPE influence on latitudinal temperature [K] structure, July 18 (3D model runs) SPE influence on latitudinal temperature [K] structure, July 18 (3D model runs)

12. Temporal behavior of SPE influence on temperature [K] at 72.5  N (3D model runs) Temporal behavior of SPE influence on temperature [K] at 72.5  N (3D model runs)

13. Changes in Ozone (%) after SPE of 4 November 2001 at 65N (3D model run)

14. Global changes in Ozone (%) after SPE of 4 November 2001 at 60 km (3D mode runs)

15. Changes in NOy (%) after SPE of 4 November 2001 at 65N (3D model run)

16. Changes in temperature (K) after SPE of 4 November 2001 (4 days after) (3D model runs) Changes in temperature (K) after SPE of 4 November 2001 (4 days after) (3D model runs)

17. Changes in zonal wind magnitudes (m/s) after SPE of 4 November 2001 (4 days after) (3D model runs) Changes in zonal wind magnitudes (m/s) after SPE of 4 November 2001 (4 days after) (3D model runs)

18. Changes in ozone (%) after SPE of 28 October 2003 at 65 N (3D model runs)

19. Changes in ozone (%) after SPE of 28 October 2003 at 65 S (3D model runs)

20. Global changes in Ozone (%) after SPE of 28 October 2003 at 60 km (3D mode runs)

21. Changes in temperature (K) after 4 day of solar flare October 28, 2003 (3D model simulations)

22. Changes in zonal wind magnitudes (m/sec) after 4 day of solar flare October 28, 2003 (3D model simulations)

23. Conclusions 1. Solar particles produce chemical species in the polar atmosphere (OH, NO); 2. SPE-Produced OH, NO destroy Ozone; 3. Short forcing leads to long-lived response in Ozone layer; 4. Changes in Ozone change global dynamics.